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Spatially constrained planar networks are frequently encountered in real-life systems. In this paper, based on a space-filling disk packing we propose a minimal model for spatial maximal planar networks, which is similar to but different…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-08-05 Zhongzhi Zhang , Jihong Guan , Bailu Ding , Lichao Chen , Shuigeng Zhou

We argue that embryological morphogenesis provides a model of how massive swarms of microscopic agents can be coordinated to assemble complex, multiscale hierarchical structures. This is accomplished by understanding natural morphogenetic…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-08-26 Bruce J. MacLennan , Allen C. McBride

The relationship between the design and functionality of molecular networks is now a key issue in biology. Comparison of regulatory networks performing similar tasks can give insights into how network architecture is constrained by the…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-26 Ala Trusina , Kim Sneppen , Ian B. Dodd , Keith E. Shearwin , J. Barry Egan

Complex spatial patterns in biological systems often arise through self-organization without a central coordination, guided by local interactions and chemical signaling. In this study, we explore how motility-dependent chemical deposition…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-04-24 Subhashree Subhrasmita Khuntia , Debasish Chaudhuri , Abhishek Chaudhuri

High-throughput experimental techniques and bioinformatics tools make it possible to obtain reconstructions of the metabolism of microbial species. Combined with mathematical frameworks such as flux balance analysis, which assumes that…

Within the context of the mathematical formulation of Merge and the Strong Minimalist Thesis, we present a mathematical model of the morphology-syntax interface. In this setting, morphology has compositional properties responsible for word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Isabella Senturia , Matilde Marcolli

Federated Learning (FL) faces significant challenges in evolving environments, particularly regarding data heterogeneity and the rigidity of fixed network topologies. To address these issues, this paper proposes \textbf{SOFA-FL}…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Yi Ni , Xinkun Wang , Han Zhang

Phylogenetics begins with reconstructing biological family trees from genetic data. Since Nature is not limited to tree-like histories, we use networks to organize our data, and have discovered new polytopes, metric spaces, and simplicial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-05-28 Satyan Devadoss , Cassandra Durell , Stefan Forcey

This article discusses how the individual morphological properties of basic objects (e.g. neurons, molecules and aggregates), jointly with their particular spatial distribution, can determine the connectivity and dynamics of systems…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Luciano da Fontoura Costa

Volumetric brain reconstructions provide an unprecedented opportunity to gain insights into the complex connectivity patterns of neurons in an increasing number of organisms. Here, we model and quantify the complexity of the resulting…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-05-13 Anastasiya Salova , István A. Kovács

Branching architecture characterizes numerous systems, ranging from synthetic (hyper)branched polymers and biomolecules such as lignin, amylopectin, and nucleic acids to tracheal and neuronal networks. Its ubiquity reflects the many…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-06-18 Domen Vaupotič , Jules Morand , Luca Tubiana , Anže Božič

Microtubules (MTs) are dynamic protein filaments essential for intracellular organization and transport, particularly in long-lived cells such as neurons. The plus and minus ends of neuronal MTs switch between growth and shrinking phases,…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-07-11 Anna C. Nelson , Scott A. McKinley , Melissa M. Rolls , Maria-Veronica Ciocanel

During the development of an organism, cells must coordinate and organize to generate the correct shape, structure, and spatial patterns of tissues and organs, a process known as morphogenesis. The morphogenesis of embryonic tissues is…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-28 Adrian Aguirre-Tamaral , Elisa Floris , Bernat Corominas-Murtra

Navigability, an ability to find a logarithmically short path between elements using only local information, is one of the most fascinating properties of real-life networks. However, the exact mechanism responsible for the formation of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-07-26 Yury A. Malkov , Alexander Ponomarenko

Constraints placed upon the phenotypes of organisms result from their interactions with the environment. Over evolutionary timescales, these constraints feed back onto smaller molecular subnetworks comprising the organism. The evolution of…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-10 Cameron Smith , Ximo Pechuan , Raymond S. Puzio , Daniel Biro , Aviv Bergman

To create heterogeneous, multiscale structures with unprecedented functionalities, recent topology optimization approaches design either fully aperiodic systems or functionally graded structures, which compete in terms of design freedom and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Yu-Chin Chan , Daicong Da , Liwei Wang , Wei Chen

Urban morphogenesis is the process of formation of its elements and the specialization of its suburbs. Street networks are the structural part of the system. Understand their formation reveals crucial information about urban transformation…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-11-08 Michele Tirico , Stefan Balev , Antoine Dutot , Damien Olivier

A phylogenetic tree is a way to organize a finite set of species, individuals or other sources of related data. The species for which we have existing DNA data make up the set of leaves of the tree. The balanced minimal evolution method of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-05 Stefan Forcey , Logan Keefe , William Sands

The structure of networks that provide optimal transport properties has been investigated in a variety of contexts. While many different formulations of this problem have been considered, it is recurrently found that optimal networks are…

Biological Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Francis Corson

Growth of wormholes in porous media can lead to self-organization of flow networks with an overwhelming geometric complexity. Despite decades of study, the mechanism by which a dominant wormhole develops its path during growth remains…

Geophysics · Physics 2019-05-17 Y. Yang , S. S. Hakim , S. Bruns , K. Uesugi , K. N. Dalby , S. L. S. Stipp , H. O. Sørensen