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Decoding methods play an indispensable role in converting language models from next-token predictors into practical task solvers. Prior research on decoding methods, primarily focusing on task-specific models, may not extend to the current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Chufan Shi , Haoran Yang , Deng Cai , Zhisong Zhang , Yifan Wang , Yujiu Yang , Wai Lam

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) has drawn growing interest within the scientific community. LLMs can handle large volumes of textual data and support methods for evidence synthesis. Although recent studies highlight the potential of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Cauã Ferreira Barros , Marcos Kalinowski , Mohamad Kassab , Valdemar Vicente Graciano Neto

Although large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across various tasks, they remain prone to errors. A key challenge is enabling them to self-correct. While prior research has relied on external tools or large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Viktor Moskvoretskii , Chris Biemann , Irina Nikishina

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to accelerate small molecule drug design due to their ability to reason about information from diverse sources and formats. However, their practical utility remains unclear due to the lack of…

The dominance of large decoder-only language models has overshadowed encoder-decoder architectures, despite their fundamental efficiency advantages in sequence processing. For small language models (SLMs) - those with 1 billion parameters…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Mohamed Elfeki , Rui Liu , Chad Voegele

Assessing student's answers and in particular natural language answers is a crucial challenge in the field of education. Advances in machine learning, including transformer-based models such as Large Language Models(LLMs), have led to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Priti Oli , Rabin Banjade , Jeevan Chapagain , Vasile Rus

The increasing demand for efficient summarization tools in resource-constrained environments highlights the need for effective solutions. While large language models (LLMs) deliver superior summarization quality, their high computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Borui Xu , Yao Chen , Zeyi Wen , Weiguo Liu , Bingsheng He

Large Language Models (LLMs) prompted to generate chain-of-thought (CoT) exhibit impressive reasoning capabilities. Recent attempts at prompt decomposition toward solving complex, multi-step reasoning problems depend on the ability of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Gurusha Juneja , Subhabrata Dutta , Soumen Chakrabarti , Sunny Manchanda , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Common Large Language model (LLM) evaluations rely on demonstration examples to steer models' responses to the desired style. While the number of examples used has been studied and standardized, the choice of how to format examples is less…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Jingtong Su , Jianyu Zhang , Karen Ullrich , Léon Bottou , Mark Ibrahim

Large language models (LLMs) have ushered in a new era for processing complex information in various fields, including science. The increasing amount of scientific literature allows these models to acquire and understand scientific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Huy Quoc To , Ming Liu , Guangyan Huang

Recent studies have showcased remarkable capabilities of decoder-only models in many NLP tasks, including translation. Yet, the machine translation field has been largely dominated by encoder-decoder models based on the Transformer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Gaëtan Caillaut , Raheel Qader , Mariam Nakhlé , Jingshu Liu , Jean-Gabriel Barthélemy

Due to the remarkable language understanding and generation abilities of large language models (LLMs), their use in educational applications has been explored. However, little work has been done on investigating the pedagogical ability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 An-Zi Yen , Wei-Ling Hsu

Large language models (LLMs) are incredible and versatile tools for text-based tasks that have enabled countless, previously unimaginable, applications. Retrieval models, in contrast, have not yet seen such capable general-purpose models…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Julian Killingback , Hamed Zamani

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a class of deep learning models adept at understanding natural language and generating coherent responses to various prompts or queries. These models far exceed the complexity of conventional neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Minghao Shao , Abdul Basit , Ramesh Karri , Muhammad Shafique

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing tasks successfully. Yet, their large size and high computational needs pose challenges for practical use, especially in resource-limited settings. Model compression…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Xunyu Zhu , Jian Li , Yong Liu , Can Ma , Weiping Wang

Despite the recent ubiquity of large language models and their high zero-shot prompted performance across a wide range of tasks, it is still not known how well they perform on tasks which require processing of potentially idiomatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Dylan Phelps , Thomas Pickard , Maggie Mi , Edward Gow-Smith , Aline Villavicencio

Recently, decoder-only pre-trained large language models (LLMs), with several tens of billion parameters, have significantly impacted a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. While encoder-only or encoder-decoder pre-trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Aru Maekawa , Tsutomu Hirao , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Manabu Okumura

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated self-improvement capabilities via feedback and refinement, but current small language models (SLMs) have had limited success in this area. Existing correction approaches often rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Chia-Hsuan Lee , Hao Cheng , Mari Ostendorf

Generating high-quality code remains a challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs). For the evolution of reasoning models on this task, reward models are a necessary intermediate step. These models judge outcomes or intermediate steps.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Jan Niklas Groeneveld , Xi Qin , Alexander Schaefer , Yaad Oren

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated emergent abilities in text generation, question answering, and reasoning, facilitating various tasks and domains. Despite their proficiency in various tasks, LLMs like PaLM 540B and Llama-3.1…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Fali Wang , Zhiwei Zhang , Xianren Zhang , Zongyu Wu , Tzuhao Mo , Qiuhao Lu , Wanjing Wang , Rui Li , Junjie Xu , Xianfeng Tang , Qi He , Yao Ma , Ming Huang , Suhang Wang