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Autoregressive large language models (LLMs) have made remarkable progress in various natural language generation tasks. However, they incur high computation cost and latency resulting from the autoregressive token-by-token generation. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Luciano Del Corro , Allie Del Giorno , Sahaj Agarwal , Bin Yu , Ahmed Awadallah , Subhabrata Mukherjee

Encoder-decoder transformer models have achieved great success on various vision-language (VL) tasks, but they suffer from high inference latency. Typically, the decoder takes up most of the latency because of the auto-regressive decoding.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Peng Tang , Pengkai Zhu , Tian Li , Srikar Appalaraju , Vijay Mahadevan , R. Manmatha

Large language models have achieved remarkable capabilities, but their practical deployment is hindered by significant computational costs. While adaptive computation methods like early-exiting promise to reduce these costs, they introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Sangmin Bae

Conventional continual pretraining (CPT) for large language model (LLM) domain adaptation often suffers from catastrophic forgetting and limited domain capacity. Existing strategies adopt layer expansion, introducing additional trainable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jinyang Zhang , Yue Fang , Hongxin Ding , Weibin Liao , Muyang Ye , Xu Chu , Junfeng Zhao , Yasha Wang

Dynamic early exiting has been proven to improve the inference speed of the pre-trained language model like BERT. However, all samples must go through all consecutive layers before early exiting and more complex samples usually go through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Boren Hu , Yun Zhu , Jiacheng Li , Siliang Tang

Building efficient inference framework has gained increasing interests for research community. Early-exit models, a variant of LLMs, improves the inference efficiency of LLMs by skipping rest layers and directly generate output tokens when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Ruijie Miao , Yihan Yan , Xinshuo Yao , Tong Yang

We introduce ADEPT: Adaptive Data ExPloiTation, a simple yet powerful framework to enhance the **data efficiency** and **generalization** in deep reinforcement learning (RL). Specifically, ADEPT adaptively manages the use of sampled data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Mingqi Yuan , Bo Li , Xin Jin , Wenjun Zeng

Prompt Tuning (PT) enables the adaptation of Pre-trained Large Language Models (PLMs) to downstream tasks by optimizing a small amount of soft virtual tokens, which are prepended to the input token embeddings. Recently, Decomposed Prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Pengwei Tang , Xiaolin Hu , Yong Liu

Fine-tuning large pre-trained language models on various downstream tasks with whole parameters is prohibitively expensive. Hence, Parameter-efficient fine-tuning has attracted attention that only optimizes a few task-specific parameters…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Zhen-Ru Zhang , Chuanqi Tan , Haiyang Xu , Chengyu Wang , Jun Huang , Songfang Huang

Autoregressive Large Language Models (e.g., LLaMa, GPTs) are omnipresent achieving remarkable success in language understanding and generation. However, such impressive capability typically comes with a substantial model size, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Ajay Jaiswal , Bodun Hu , Lu Yin , Yeonju Ro , Shiwei Liu , Tianlong Chen , Aditya Akella

Recent advances in Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have led to significant performance improvements across many tasks. These gains come with a drastic increase in the models' size, potentially leading to slow and costly use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Tal Schuster , Adam Fisch , Jai Gupta , Mostafa Dehghani , Dara Bahri , Vinh Q. Tran , Yi Tay , Donald Metzler

The ability to dynamically adjust the computational load of neural models during inference in a resource aware manner is crucial for on-device processing scenarios, characterised by limited and time-varying computational resources.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Maxence Lasbordes , Daniele Falavigna , Alessio Brutti

We introduce EXIT, an extractive context compression framework that enhances both the effectiveness and efficiency of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) in question answering (QA). Current RAG systems often struggle when retrieval models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Taeho Hwang , Sukmin Cho , Soyeong Jeong , Hoyun Song , SeungYoon Han , Jong C. Park

The Efficient Adaptive Transformer (EAT) framework unifies three adaptive efficiency techniques - progressive token pruning, sparse attention, and dynamic early exiting - into a single, reproducible architecture for input-adaptive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jan Miller

Both performance and efficiency are crucial factors for sequence labeling tasks in many real-world scenarios. Although the pre-trained models (PTMs) have significantly improved the performance of various sequence labeling tasks, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Xiaonan Li , Yunfan Shao , Tianxiang Sun , Hang Yan , Xipeng Qiu , Xuanjing Huang

We develop a novel approach for confidently accelerating inference in the large and expensive multilayer Transformers that are now ubiquitous in natural language processing (NLP). Amortized or approximate computational methods increase…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Tal Schuster , Adam Fisch , Tommi Jaakkola , Regina Barzilay

To tackle the high inference latency exhibited by autoregressive language models, previous studies have proposed an early-exiting framework that allocates adaptive computation paths for each token based on the complexity of generating the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Sangmin Bae , Jongwoo Ko , Hwanjun Song , Se-Young Yun

A method is presented for accelerating inference in transformer language models by exploiting the low effective rank of the token activation manifold at each layer. The method decomposes each activation vector into a subspace component and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Stephen J. Thomas

Early-Exit (EE) is a Large Language Model (LLM) architecture that accelerates inference by allowing easier tokens to be generated using only a subset of the model's layers. However, traditional batching frameworks are ill-suited for EE…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Xuting Liu , Daniel Alexander , Siva Kesava Reddy Kakarla , Behnaz Arzani , Vincent Liu

DNNs are becoming less and less over-parametrised due to recent advances in efficient model design, through careful hand-crafted or NAS-based methods. Relying on the fact that not all inputs require the same amount of computation to yield a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Stefanos Laskaridis , Alexandros Kouris , Nicholas D. Lane
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