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Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has achieved remarkable success in unlocking the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). Although CoT prompting enhances reasoning, its verbosity imposes substantial computational overhead.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yifan Wang , Shiyu Li , Peiming Li , Xiaochen Yang , Yang Tang , Zheng Wei

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in various natural language processing tasks, yet their ability to perform multi-step logical reasoning remains an open challenge. Although Chain-of-Thought prompting has…

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has emerged as a powerful tool for enhancing the problem-solving capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, the theoretical foundations of learning from CoT data remain underdeveloped, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Shai Shalev-Shwartz , Amnon Shashua

Token-level Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has become a standard way to elicit multi-step reasoning in large language models (LLMs), especially for mathematical word problems. However, generating long intermediate traces increases output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Disha Sheshanarayana , Rajat Subhra Pal , Manjira Sinha , Tirthankar Dasgupta

Recent advancements in reasoning have significantly enhanced the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) across diverse tasks. However, excessive reliance on chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Jinghui Lu , Haiyang Yu , Siliang Xu , Shiwei Ran , Guozhi Tang , Siqi Wang , Bin Shan , Teng Fu , Hao Feng , Jingqun Tang , Han Wang , Can Huang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive emergent abilities in a wide range of tasks, but the associated expensive API cost greatly limits the real application. Previous works like chain-of-thought (CoT) and tree-of-thoughts (ToT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Yu Shang , Yu Li , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning enhances the decision-making capabilities of vision-language-action models in autonomous driving, but its autoregressive nature introduces significant inference latency, making it impractical for real-time…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Yi Gu , Yan Wang , Yuxiao Chen , Yurong You , Wenjie Luo , Yue Wang , Wenhao Ding , Boyi Li , Heng Yang , Boris Ivanovic , Marco Pavone

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex problem-solving through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. However, the multi-step nature of CoT introduces new safety challenges that extend beyond…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zihao Zhu , Xinyu Wu , Gehan Hu , Siwei Lyu , Ke Xu , Baoyuan Wu

As test-time scaling becomes a pivotal research frontier in Large Language Models (LLMs) development, contemporary and advanced post-training methodologies increasingly focus on extending the generation length of long Chain-of-Thought (CoT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Mingyang Song , Mao Zheng

DeepSeek R1 has significantly advanced complex reasoning for large language models (LLMs). While recent methods have attempted to replicate R1's reasoning capabilities in multimodal settings, they face limitations, including inconsistencies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Zhehan Kan , Yanlin Liu , Kun Yin , Xinghua Jiang , Xin Li , Haoyu Cao , Yinsong Liu , Deqiang Jiang , Xing Sun , Qingmin Liao , Wenming Yang

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced complex reasoning capabilities, particularly through extended chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning that incorporates mechanisms such as backtracking,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Baohao Liao , Xinyi Chen , Sara Rajaee , Yuhui Xu , Christian Herold , Anders Søgaard , Maarten de Rijke , Christof Monz

Chain of Thought (CoT) reasoning enhances language models' performance but often leads to inefficient "overthinking" on simple problems. We identify that existing approaches directly penalizing reasoning length fail to account for varying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Junjie Yang , Ke Lin , Xing Yu

Zero-shot Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting emerges as a simple and effective strategy for enhancing the performance of large language models (LLMs) in real-world reasoning tasks. Nonetheless, the efficacy of a singular, task-level prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Xiaosong Yuan , Chen Shen , Shaotian Yan , Xiaofeng Zhang , Liang Xie , Wenxiao Wang , Renchu Guan , Ying Wang , Jieping Ye

Recent studies show that the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) can be improved by applying Reinforcement Learning (RL) to question-answering (QA) tasks in areas such as math and coding. With a long context length, LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Stephen Chung , Wenyu Du , Jie Fu

Chain-of-thought (CoT) enhances the problem-solving ability of large language models (LLMs) but incurs substantial inference cost due to long autoregressive trajectories. Existing acceleration strategies either shorten traces via early…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zhuokun Chen , Zeren Chen , Jiahao He , Lu Sheng , Mingkui Tan , Jianfei Cai , Bohan Zhuang

Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong reasoning performance through chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, yet often generate unnecessarily long reasoning paths that incur high inference cost. Recent self-consistency-based approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Juming Xiong , Kevin Guo , Congning Ni , Chao Yan , Katherine Brown , Avinash Baidya , Xiang Gao , Bradley Malin , Zhijun Yin

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning with self-consistency improves performance by aggregating multiple sampled reasoning paths. In this setting, correctness is no longer tied to a single reasoning trace but to the aggregation rule over a pool…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-15 Yu Gu , Zijun Yu , Vahid Partovi Nia , Masoud Asgharian

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning improves large language models (LLMs) on difficult tasks, but it also makes inference expensive because every intermediate step must be generated as a discrete token. Latent reasoning reduces visible token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Xuan Li , Yining Wang , Yuchen Liu , Guanjun Liu , Delai Qiu , Shengping Liu , Jiaen Liang , Wei Huang , Jun Yu , Junnan Zhu

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) has been shown to significantly improve the reasoning accuracy of large language models (LLMs) on complex tasks. However, due to the autoregressive, step-by-step generation paradigm, existing CoT methods suffer from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiaquan Zhang , Chaoning Zhang , Shuxu Chen , Xudong Wang , Zhenzhen Huang , Pengcheng Zheng , Shuai Yuan , Sheng Zheng , Qigan Sun , Jie Zou , Lik-Hang Lee , Yang Yang

It has been demonstrated that carefully designed reasoning paradigms, like Chain-of-Thought (CoT) and Tree-of-Thought (ToT), can enhance the reasoning capabilities of small language models by detailed thinking and extensive thought…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Yinlong Xu , Yanzhao Zheng , Shuoshuo Sun , Shuaihan Huang , Baohua Dong , Hangcheng Zhu , Ruohui Huang , Gang Yu , Hongxia Xu , Jian Wu