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In this paper, we explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) with assertions to mitigate imbalances in educational datasets. Traditional models often fall short in such contexts, particularly due to the complexity and nuanced…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Jeanne McClure , Machi Shimmei , Noboru Matsuda , Shiyan Jiang

Previous work has shown that there exists a scaling law between the size of Language Models (LMs) and their zero-shot performance on different downstream NLP tasks. In this work, we show that this phenomenon does not hold when evaluating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Joel Jang , Seonghyeon Ye , Minjoon Seo

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit powerful summarization abilities. However, their capabilities on conversational summarization remains under explored. In this work we evaluate LLMs (approx. 10 billion parameters) on conversational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Ramesh Manuvinakurike , Saurav Sahay , Sangeeta Manepalli , Lama Nachman

This research investigates prompt designs of evaluating generated texts using large language models (LLMs). While LLMs are increasingly used for scoring various inputs, creating effective prompts for open-ended text evaluation remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-28 KuanChao Chu , Yi-Pei Chen , Hideki Nakayama

Large language Models (LLMs) are highly sensitive to variations in prompt formulation, which can significantly impact their ability to generate accurate responses. In this paper, we introduce a new task, Prompt Sensitivity Prediction, and a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Amirhossein Razavi , Mina Soltangheis , Negar Arabzadeh , Sara Salamat , Morteza Zihayat , Ebrahim Bagheri

Instruction tuning aligns the response of large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Despite such efforts in human--LLM alignment, we find that instruction tuning does not always make LLMs human-like from a cognitive modeling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Yohei Oseki , Timothy Baldwin

Recent developments in text classification using Large Language Models (LLMs) in the social sciences suggest that costs can be cut significantly, while performance can sometimes rival existing computational methods. However, with a wide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Erkan Gunes , Christoffer Florczak , Tevfik Murat Yildirim

Low-shot image classification, where training images are limited or inaccessible, has benefited from recent progress on pre-trained vision-language (VL) models with strong generalizability, e.g. CLIP. Prompt learning methods built with VL…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Zhaoheng Zheng , Jingmin Wei , Xuefeng Hu , Haidong Zhu , Ram Nevatia

Leveraging large language models (LLMs) for various natural language processing tasks has led to superlative claims about their performance. For the evaluation of machine translation (MT), existing research shows that LLMs are able to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Shenbin Qian , Archchana Sindhujan , Minnie Kabra , Diptesh Kanojia , Constantin Orăsan , Tharindu Ranasinghe , Frédéric Blain

Time-series prediction or forecasting is critical across many real-world dynamic systems, and recent studies have proposed using Large Language Models (LLMs) for this task due to their strong generalization capabilities and ability to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Chamara Madarasingha , Nasrin Sohrabi , Zahir Tari

Recently, scaling test-time compute on Large Language Models (LLM) has garnered wide attention. However, there has been limited investigation of how various reasoning prompting strategies perform as scaling. In this paper, we focus on a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Yexiang Liu , Zekun Li , Zhi Fang , Nan Xu , Ran He , Tieniu Tan

Large language models (LLMs) trained purely on text ostensibly lack any direct perceptual experience, yet their internal representations are implicitly shaped by multimodal regularities encoded in language. We test the hypothesis that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Sophie L. Wang , Phillip Isola , Brian Cheung

Adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) that are extensively trained on abundant text data, and customizing the input prompt to enable time series forecasting has received considerable attention. While recent work has shown great potential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Jayanie Bogahawatte , Sachith Seneviratne , Maneesha Perera , Saman Halgamuge

The automatic detection of temporal relations among events has been mainly investigated with encoder-only models such as RoBERTa. Large Language Models (LLM) have recently shown promising performance in temporal reasoning tasks such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Gabriel Roccabruna , Massimo Rizzoli , Giuseppe Riccardi

Are Large language models (LLMs) temporally grounded? Since LLMs cannot perceive and interact with the environment, it is impossible to answer this question directly. Instead, we provide LLMs with textual narratives and probe them with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Yifu Qiu , Zheng Zhao , Yftah Ziser , Anna Korhonen , Edoardo M. Ponti , Shay B. Cohen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been found to struggle with systematic reasoning. Even on tasks where they appear to perform well, their performance often depends on shortcuts, rather than on genuine reasoning abilities, leading them to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Irtaza Khalid , Amir Masoud Nourollah , Steven Schockaert

Due to their architecture and vast pre-training data, large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong text classification performance. However, LLM output - here, the category assigned to a text - depends heavily on the wording of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Kylie L. Anglin , Stephanie Milan , Brittney Hernandez , Claudia Ventura

Although pretrained language models (PLMs) can be prompted to perform a wide range of language tasks, it remains an open question how much this ability comes from generalizable linguistic understanding versus surface-level lexical patterns.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Terra Blevins , Hila Gonen , Luke Zettlemoyer

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in clinical applications through prompt engineering, allowing flexible clinical predictions. However, they struggle to produce reliable prediction probabilities, which are crucial for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Bowen Gu , Rishi J. Desai , Kueiyu Joshua Lin , Jie Yang

We explore the ability of large language models (LLMs) to act as speech recognition post-processors that perform rescoring and error correction. Our first focus is on instruction prompting to let LLMs perform these task without fine-tuning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Chao-Han Huck Yang , Yile Gu , Yi-Chieh Liu , Shalini Ghosh , Ivan Bulyko , Andreas Stolcke