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We introduce \emph{self-jailbreaking}, a threat model in which an aligned LLM guides its own compromise. Unlike most jailbreak techniques, which often rely on handcrafted prompts or separate attacker models, self-jailbreaking requires no…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Devang Kulshreshtha , Hang Su , Haibo Jin , Chinmay Hegde , Haohan Wang

Recent advancements in Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have underscored their superiority in various multimodal tasks. However, the adversarial robustness of VLMs has not been fully explored. Existing methods mainly assess robustness…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Ruofan Wang , Xingjun Ma , Hanxu Zhou , Chuanjun Ji , Guangnan Ye , Yu-Gang Jiang

The discovery of "jailbreaks" to bypass safety filters of Large Language Models (LLMs) and harmful responses have encouraged the community to implement safety measures. One major safety measure is to proactively test the LLMs with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Haibo Jin , Ruoxi Chen , Peiyan Zhang , Andy Zhou , Haohan Wang

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are powering a growing share of interactive web applications, yet remain vulnerable to misuse and harm. Prior jailbreak research has largely focused on single-turn prompts, whereas real harassment often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Trilok Padhi , Pinxian Lu , Abdulkadir Erol , Tanmay Sutar , Gauri Sharma , Mina Sonmez , Munmun De Choudhury , Ugur Kursuncu

Large language models (LLMs) undergo safety alignment after training and tuning, yet recent work shows that safety can be bypassed through jailbreak attacks. While many jailbreaks and defenses exist, their cross-lingual generalization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Berk Atil , Rebecca J. Passonneau , Fred Morstatter

Jailbreak attacks in large language models (LLMs) entail inducing the models to generate content that breaches ethical and legal norm through the use of malicious prompts, posing a substantial threat to LLM security. Current strategies for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Lin Lu , Hai Yan , Zenghui Yuan , Jiawen Shi , Wenqi Wei , Pin-Yu Chen , Pan Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) are widely used in real-world applications, raising concerns about their safety and trustworthiness. While red-teaming with jailbreak prompts exposes the vulnerabilities of LLMs, current efforts focus primarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yi Zhao , Youzhi Zhang

Considerable research efforts have been devoted to ensuring that large language models (LLMs) align with human values and generate safe text. However, an excessive focus on sensitivity to certain topics can compromise the model's robustness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Huachuan Qiu , Shuai Zhang , Anqi Li , Hongliang He , Zhenzhong Lan

Aligned large language models (LLMs) are vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks, which bypass the safeguards of targeted LLMs and fool them into generating objectionable content. While initial defenses show promise against token-based threat…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Jiabao Ji , Bairu Hou , Alexander Robey , George J. Pappas , Hamed Hassani , Yang Zhang , Eric Wong , Shiyu Chang

Decision-making is a complex process requiring diverse abilities, making it an excellent framework for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs). Researchers have examined LLMs' decision-making through the lens of Game Theory. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Jen-tse Huang , Eric John Li , Man Ho Lam , Tian Liang , Wenxuan Wang , Youliang Yuan , Wenxiang Jiao , Xing Wang , Zhaopeng Tu , Michael R. Lyu

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate outstanding performance in their reservoir of knowledge and understanding capabilities, but they have also been shown to be prone to illegal or unethical reactions when subjected to jailbreak…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Fengxiang Wang , Ranjie Duan , Peng Xiao , Xiaojun Jia , Shiji Zhao , Cheng Wei , YueFeng Chen , Chongwen Wang , Jialing Tao , Hang Su , Jun Zhu , Hui Xue

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed across diverse domains, ensuring their safety has become a critical concern. In response, studies on jailbreak attacks have been actively growing. Existing approaches typically rely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yelim Ahn , Jaejin Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) are integral to modern AI applications, but their safety alignment mechanisms can be bypassed through adversarial prompt engineering. This study investigates emoji-based jailbreaking, where emoji sequences are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-06 M P V S Gopinadh , S Mahaboob Hussain

Role-playing systems powered by large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly influential in emotional communication applications. However, these systems are susceptible to character hallucinations, where the model deviates from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Yihong Tang , Bo Wang , Xu Wang , Dongming Zhao , Jing Liu , Jijun Zhang , Ruifang He , Yuexian Hou

As the use of large language models (LLMs) continues to expand, ensuring their safety and robustness has become a critical challenge. In particular, jailbreak attacks that bypass built-in safety mechanisms are increasingly recognized as a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Hajun Kim , Hyunsik Na , Daeseon Choi

Safety alignment in Large Language Models (LLMs) often creates a systematic discrepancy between a model's aligned output and the underlying pre-aligned data distribution. We propose a framework in which the effect of safety alignment on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yuxuan Lu , Yongkang Guo , Yuqing Kong

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly attracting attention in various applications. Nonetheless, there is a growing concern as some users attempt to exploit these models for malicious purposes, including the synthesis of controlled…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Chongwen Zhao , Yutong Ke , Kaizhu Huang

This paper proposes a game theoretic framework that models the interaction between prompt engineers and large language models (LLMs) as a two player extensive form game coupled with a Rapidly exploring Random Trees (RRT) search over prompt…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Zhengye Han , Quanyan Zhu

Jailbreak attacks on large language models (LLMs) aim to induce LLMs to produce content that they are expected to refuse. Automated black-box jailbreak generation is especially important for safety evaluation, where the attacker observes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Junke Zhang , Jianwei Wang , Sishuo Chen , Yizhang He , Qingshuai Feng , Zhengyi Yang

We find that language models have difficulties generating fallacious and deceptive reasoning. When asked to generate deceptive outputs, language models tend to leak honest counterparts but believe them to be false. Exploiting this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yue Zhou , Henry Peng Zou , Barbara Di Eugenio , Yang Zhang