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Long-tail learning has received significant attention in recent years due to the challenge it poses with extremely imbalanced datasets. In these datasets, only a few classes (known as the head classes) have an adequate number of training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Jiang-Xin Shi , Tong Wei , Yuke Xiang , Yu-Feng Li

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems rely on retrieved documents being concatenated into a model's input context, making both document ordering and context size critical yet controversial design choices. Prior work reports…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jorge Gabín , Anxo Perez , Javier Parapar

The performance of repository-level code completion depends upon the effective leverage of both general and repository-specific knowledge. Despite the impressive capability of code LLMs in general code completion tasks, they often exhibit…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Wei Liu , Ailun Yu , Daoguang Zan , Bo Shen , Wei Zhang , Haiyan Zhao , Zhi Jin , Qianxiang Wang

Current search techniques are limited to standard RAG query-document applications. In this paper, we propose a novel technique to expand the code and index for predicting the required APIs, directly enabling high-quality, end-to-end code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Esakkivel Esakkiraja , Denis Akhiyarov , Aditya Shanmugham , Chitra Ganapathy

Preference-based reward learning is widely used for shaping agent behavior to match a user's preference, yet its sparse binary feedback makes it especially vulnerable to causal confusion. The learned reward often latches onto spurious…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Minjune Hwang , Yigit Korkmaz , Daniel Seita , Erdem Bıyık

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge to generate a response within a context with improved accuracy and reduced hallucinations. However, multi-modal RAG systems face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Matin Mortaheb , Mohammad A. Amir Khojastepour , Srimat T. Chakradhar , Sennur Ulukus

Chunking is a crucial preprocessing step in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems, significantly impacting retrieval effectiveness across diverse datasets. In this study, we systematically evaluate fixed-size chunking strategies and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Sinchana Ramakanth Bhat , Max Rudat , Jannis Spiekermann , Nicolas Flores-Herr

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances factual grounding in large language models (LLMs) by incorporating retrieved evidence, but LLM accuracy declines when long or noisy contexts exceed the model's effective attention span. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Debashish Chakraborty , Eugene Yang , Daniel Khashabi , Dawn Lawrie , Kevin Duh

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models by incorporating context retrieved from external knowledge sources. While the effectiveness of the retrieval module is typically evaluated with relevance-based ranking…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Jia-Huei Ju , Suzan Verberne , Maarten de Rijke , Andrew Yates

Deep networks allow to obtain outstanding results in semantic segmentation, however they need to be trained in a single shot with a large amount of data. Continual learning settings where new classes are learned in incremental steps and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Andrea Maracani , Umberto Michieli , Marco Toldo , Pietro Zanuttigh

Generative search engines based on large language models (LLMs) are replacing traditional search, fundamentally changing how information providers are compensated. To sustain this ecosystem, we need fair mechanisms to attribute and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Sara Patel , Mingxun Zhou , Giulia Fanti

The effectiveness of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is highly dependent on how documents are chunked, that is, segmented into smaller units for indexing and retrieval. Yet, commonly used "one-size-fits-all" approaches often fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Paulo Roberto de Moura Júnior , Jean Lelong , Annabelle Blangero

Cloze-style reading comprehension has been a popular task for measuring the progress of natural language understanding in recent years. In this paper, we design a novel multi-perspective framework, which can be seen as the joint training of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-21 Liang Wang , Sujian Li , Wei Zhao , Kewei Shen , Meng Sun , Ruoyu Jia , Jingming Liu

Retrieval-augmented language models have demonstrated performance comparable to much larger models while requiring fewer computational resources. The effectiveness of these models crucially depends on the overlap between query and retrieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Ehsan Doostmohammadi , Marco Kuhlmann

The growing complexity of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), together with increasingly available parallelism provided by multi-core chips, fosters the parallelization of simulation. Simulation speed-ups are expected from co-simulation and…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-03-03 Abir Ben Khaled-El Feki , Laurent Duval , Cyril Faure , Daniel Simon , Mongi Ben Gaid

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems rely on retrieval models for identifying relevant contexts and answer generation models for utilizing those contexts. However, retrievers exhibit imperfect recall and precision, limiting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jerry Huang , Siddarth Madala , Risham Sidhu , Cheng Niu , Hao Peng , Julia Hockenmaier , Tong Zhang

Coalition formation concerns strategic collaborations of selfish agents that form coalitions based on their preferences. It is often assumed that coalitions are disjoint and preferences are fully known, which may not hold in practice. In…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Saar Cohen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) aims to augment the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by retrieving and incorporate external documents or chunks prior to generation. However, even improved retriever relevance can brings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Sha Li , Naren Ramakrishnan

Recent works in relation extraction (RE) have achieved promising benchmark accuracy; however, our adversarial attack experiments show that these works excessively rely on entities, making their generalization capability questionable. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Dawei Li , William Hogan , Jingbo Shang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves large language model reliability by grounding generated responses in external evidence. However, RAG performance depends on the relevance of retrieved passages, the quality of evidence ranking,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Fariba Afrin Irany , Sampson Akwafuo