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Lately, Large Language Models have been widely used in code generation. GPT4 is considered the most potent Large Language Model from Openai. In this paper, we examine GPT3.5 and GPT4 as coding assistants. More specifically, we have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Lefteris Moussiades , George Zografos

The Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) represents a notable breakthrough in the domain of natural language processing, which is propelling us toward the development of machines that can understand and communicate using language in a…

The increasing demand for programming language education and growing class sizes require immediate and personalized feedback. However, traditional code review methods have limitations in providing this level of feedback. As the capabilities…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Lee Dong-Kyu

The o1 model series is trained with large-scale reinforcement learning to reason using chain of thought. These advanced reasoning capabilities provide new avenues for improving the safety and robustness of our models. In particular, our…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 OpenAI , : , Aaron Jaech , Adam Kalai , Adam Lerer , Adam Richardson , Ahmed El-Kishky , Aiden Low , Alec Helyar , Aleksander Madry , Alex Beutel , Alex Carney , Alex Iftimie , Alex Karpenko , Alex Tachard Passos , Alexander Neitz , Alexander Prokofiev , Alexander Wei , Allison Tam , Ally Bennett , Ananya Kumar , Andre Saraiva , Andrea Vallone , Andrew Duberstein , Andrew Kondrich , Andrey Mishchenko , Andy Applebaum , Angela Jiang , Ashvin Nair , Barret Zoph , Behrooz Ghorbani , Bohan Zhang , Ben Rossen , Benjamin Sokolowsky , Boaz Barak , Bob McGrew , Borys Minaiev , Botao Hao , Bowen Baker , Brandon Houghton , Brandon McKinzie , Brydon Eastman , Camillo Lugaresi , Cary Bassin , Cary Hudson , Chak Ming Li , Charles de Bourcy , Chelsea Voss , Chen Shen , Chong Zhang , Chris Koch , Chris Orsinger , Christopher Hesse , Claudia Fischer , Clive Chan , Dan Roberts , Daniel Kappler , Daniel Levy , Daniel Selsam , David Dohan , David Farhi , David Mely , David Robinson , Dimitris Tsipras , Doug Li , Dragos Oprica , Eben Freeman , Eddie Zhang , Edmund Wong , Elizabeth Proehl , Enoch Cheung , Eric Mitchell , Eric Wallace , Erik Ritter , Evan Mays , Fan Wang , Felipe Petroski Such , Filippo Raso , Florencia Leoni , Foivos Tsimpourlas , Francis Song , Fred von Lohmann , Freddie Sulit , Geoff Salmon , Giambattista Parascandolo , Gildas Chabot , Grace Zhao , Greg Brockman , Guillaume Leclerc , Hadi Salman , Haiming Bao , Hao Sheng , Hart Andrin , Hessam Bagherinezhad , Hongyu Ren , Hunter Lightman , Hyung Won Chung , Ian Kivlichan , Ian O'Connell , Ian Osband , Ignasi Clavera Gilaberte , Ilge Akkaya , Ilya Kostrikov , Ilya Sutskever , Irina Kofman , Jakub Pachocki , James Lennon , Jason Wei , Jean Harb , Jerry Twore , Jiacheng Feng , Jiahui Yu , Jiayi Weng , Jie Tang , Jieqi Yu , Joaquin Quiñonero Candela , Joe Palermo , Joel Parish , Johannes Heidecke , John Hallman , John Rizzo , Jonathan Gordon , Jonathan Uesato , Jonathan Ward , Joost Huizinga , Julie Wang , Kai Chen , Kai Xiao , Karan Singhal , Karina Nguyen , Karl Cobbe , Katy Shi , Kayla Wood , Kendra Rimbach , Keren Gu-Lemberg , Kevin Liu , Kevin Lu , Kevin Stone , Kevin Yu , Lama Ahmad , Lauren Yang , Leo Liu , Leon Maksin , Leyton Ho , Liam Fedus , Lilian Weng , Linden Li , Lindsay McCallum , Lindsey Held , Lorenz Kuhn , Lukas Kondraciuk , Lukasz Kaiser , Luke Metz , Madelaine Boyd , Maja Trebacz , Manas Joglekar , Mark Chen , Marko Tintor , Mason Meyer , Matt Jones , Matt Kaufer , Max Schwarzer , Meghan Shah , Mehmet Yatbaz , Melody Y. Guan , Mengyuan Xu , Mengyuan Yan , Mia Glaese , Mianna Chen , Michael Lampe , Michael Malek , Michele Wang , Michelle Fradin , Mike McClay , Mikhail Pavlov , Miles Wang , Mingxuan Wang , Mira Murati , Mo Bavarian , Mostafa Rohaninejad , Nat McAleese , Neil Chowdhury , Neil Chowdhury , Nick Ryder , Nikolas Tezak , Noam Brown , Ofir Nachum , Oleg Boiko , Oleg Murk , Olivia Watkins , Patrick Chao , Paul Ashbourne , Pavel Izmailov , Peter Zhokhov , Rachel Dias , Rahul Arora , Randall Lin , Rapha Gontijo Lopes , Raz Gaon , Reah Miyara , Reimar Leike , Renny Hwang , Rhythm Garg , Robin Brown , Roshan James , Rui Shu , Ryan Cheu , Ryan Greene , Saachi Jain , Sam Altman , Sam Toizer , Sam Toyer , Samuel Miserendino , Sandhini Agarwal , Santiago Hernandez , Sasha Baker , Scott McKinney , Scottie Yan , Shengjia Zhao , Shengli Hu , Shibani Santurkar , Shraman Ray Chaudhuri , Shuyuan Zhang , Siyuan Fu , Spencer Papay , Steph Lin , Suchir Balaji , Suvansh Sanjeev , Szymon Sidor , Tal Broda , Aidan Clark , Tao Wang , Taylor Gordon , Ted Sanders , Tejal Patwardhan , Thibault Sottiaux , Thomas Degry , Thomas Dimson , Tianhao Zheng , Timur Garipov , Tom Stasi , Trapit Bansal , Trevor Creech , Troy Peterson , Tyna Eloundou , Valerie Qi , Vineet Kosaraju , Vinnie Monaco , Vitchyr Pong , Vlad Fomenko , Weiyi Zheng , Wenda Zhou , Wenting Zhan , Wes McCabe , Wojciech Zaremba , Yann Dubois , Yinghai Lu , Yining Chen , Young Cha , Yu Bai , Yuchen He , Yuchen Zhang , Yunyun Wang , Zheng Shao , Zhuohan Li

Given AI systems like ChatGPT can generate content that is indistinguishable from human-made work, the responsible use of this technology is a growing concern. Although understanding the benefits and harms of using AI systems requires more…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Jan Philip Wahle , Terry Ruas , Saif M. Mohammad , Norman Meuschke , Bela Gipp

AI tasks encompass a wide range of domains and fields. While numerous AI models have been designed for specific tasks and applications, they often require considerable human efforts in finding the right model architecture, optimization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Shujian Zhang , Chengyue Gong , Lemeng Wu , Xingchao Liu , Mingyuan Zhou

Recent progress in large language models has made them increasingly capable research assistants in mathematics. Yet, as their reasoning abilities improve, evaluating their mathematical competence becomes increasingly challenging. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-31 Adil Salim

OpenAI's latest large vision-language model (LVLM), GPT-4V(ision), has piqued considerable interest for its potential in medical applications. Despite its promise, recent studies and internal reviews highlight its underperformance in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Pengcheng Chen , Ziyan Huang , Zhongying Deng , Tianbin Li , Yanzhou Su , Haoyu Wang , Jin Ye , Yu Qiao , Junjun He

GPT-4 is often heralded as a leading commercial AI offering, sparking debates over its potential as a steppingstone toward artificial general intelligence. But does it possess consciousness? This paper investigates this key question using…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Izak Tait , Joshua Bensemann , Ziqi Wang

The rapid evolution of LLMs represents an impactful paradigm shift in digital interaction and content engagement. While they encode vast amounts of human-generated knowledge and excel in processing diverse data types, they often face the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Anna Bodonhelyi , Efe Bozkir , Shuo Yang , Enkelejda Kasneci , Gjergji Kasneci

We present a simple yet effective approach that can transform the OpenAI GPT-3.5 model into a reliable motion planner for autonomous vehicles. Motion planning is a core challenge in autonomous driving, aiming to plan a driving trajectory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Jiageng Mao , Yuxi Qian , Junjie Ye , Hang Zhao , Yue Wang

Real-time flood forecasting is vital for effective emergency responses, but bridging the gap between complex numerical models and practical decision-making remains challenging. Decision-makers often rely on experts, while the public…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Rafaela Martelo , Kimia Ahmadiyehyazdi , Ruo-Qian Wang

Large language models have gained considerable interest for their impressive performance on various tasks. Among these models, ChatGPT developed by OpenAI has become extremely popular among early adopters who even regard it as a disruptive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Aman Rangapur , Haoran Wang

Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) has gained significant interest and attention since its launch in November 2022. It has shown impressive performance in various domains, including passing exams and creative writing.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Shahab Saquib Sohail , Faiza Farhat , Yassine Himeur , Mohammad Nadeem , Dag Øivind Madsen , Yashbir Singh , Shadi Atalla , Wathiq Mansoor

We report the development of GPT-4, a large-scale, multimodal model which can accept image and text inputs and produce text outputs. While less capable than humans in many real-world scenarios, GPT-4 exhibits human-level performance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 OpenAI , Josh Achiam , Steven Adler , Sandhini Agarwal , Lama Ahmad , Ilge Akkaya , Florencia Leoni Aleman , Diogo Almeida , Janko Altenschmidt , Sam Altman , Shyamal Anadkat , Red Avila , Igor Babuschkin , Suchir Balaji , Valerie Balcom , Paul Baltescu , Haiming Bao , Mohammad Bavarian , Jeff Belgum , Irwan Bello , Jake Berdine , Gabriel Bernadett-Shapiro , Christopher Berner , Lenny Bogdonoff , Oleg Boiko , Madelaine Boyd , Anna-Luisa Brakman , Greg Brockman , Tim Brooks , Miles Brundage , Kevin Button , Trevor Cai , Rosie Campbell , Andrew Cann , Brittany Carey , Chelsea Carlson , Rory Carmichael , Brooke Chan , Che Chang , Fotis Chantzis , Derek Chen , Sully Chen , Ruby Chen , Jason Chen , Mark Chen , Ben Chess , Chester Cho , Casey Chu , Hyung Won Chung , Dave Cummings , Jeremiah Currier , Yunxing Dai , Cory Decareaux , Thomas Degry , Noah Deutsch , Damien Deville , Arka Dhar , David Dohan , Steve Dowling , Sheila Dunning , Adrien Ecoffet , Atty Eleti , Tyna Eloundou , David Farhi , Liam Fedus , Niko Felix , Simón Posada Fishman , Juston Forte , Isabella Fulford , Leo Gao , Elie Georges , Christian Gibson , Vik Goel , Tarun Gogineni , Gabriel Goh , Rapha Gontijo-Lopes , Jonathan Gordon , Morgan Grafstein , Scott Gray , Ryan Greene , Joshua Gross , Shixiang Shane Gu , Yufei Guo , Chris Hallacy , Jesse Han , Jeff Harris , Yuchen He , Mike Heaton , Johannes Heidecke , Chris Hesse , Alan Hickey , Wade Hickey , Peter Hoeschele , Brandon Houghton , Kenny Hsu , Shengli Hu , Xin Hu , Joost Huizinga , Shantanu Jain , Shawn Jain , Joanne Jang , Angela Jiang , Roger Jiang , Haozhun Jin , Denny Jin , Shino Jomoto , Billie Jonn , Heewoo Jun , Tomer Kaftan , Łukasz Kaiser , Ali Kamali , Ingmar Kanitscheider , Nitish Shirish Keskar , Tabarak Khan , Logan Kilpatrick , Jong Wook Kim , Christina Kim , Yongjik Kim , Jan Hendrik Kirchner , Jamie Kiros , Matt Knight , Daniel Kokotajlo , Łukasz Kondraciuk , Andrew Kondrich , Aris Konstantinidis , Kyle Kosic , Gretchen Krueger , Vishal Kuo , Michael Lampe , Ikai Lan , Teddy Lee , Jan Leike , Jade Leung , Daniel Levy , Chak Ming Li , Rachel Lim , Molly Lin , Stephanie Lin , Mateusz Litwin , Theresa Lopez , Ryan Lowe , Patricia Lue , Anna Makanju , Kim Malfacini , Sam Manning , Todor Markov , Yaniv Markovski , Bianca Martin , Katie Mayer , Andrew Mayne , Bob McGrew , Scott Mayer McKinney , Christine McLeavey , Paul McMillan , Jake McNeil , David Medina , Aalok Mehta , Jacob Menick , Luke Metz , Andrey Mishchenko , Pamela Mishkin , Vinnie Monaco , Evan Morikawa , Daniel Mossing , Tong Mu , Mira Murati , Oleg Murk , David Mély , Ashvin Nair , Reiichiro Nakano , Rajeev Nayak , Arvind Neelakantan , Richard Ngo , Hyeonwoo Noh , Long Ouyang , Cullen O'Keefe , Jakub Pachocki , Alex Paino , Joe Palermo , Ashley Pantuliano , Giambattista Parascandolo , Joel Parish , Emy Parparita , Alex Passos , Mikhail Pavlov , Andrew Peng , Adam Perelman , Filipe de Avila Belbute Peres , Michael Petrov , Henrique Ponde de Oliveira Pinto , Michael , Pokorny , Michelle Pokrass , Vitchyr H. Pong , Tolly Powell , Alethea Power , Boris Power , Elizabeth Proehl , Raul Puri , Alec Radford , Jack Rae , Aditya Ramesh , Cameron Raymond , Francis Real , Kendra Rimbach , Carl Ross , Bob Rotsted , Henri Roussez , Nick Ryder , Mario Saltarelli , Ted Sanders , Shibani Santurkar , Girish Sastry , Heather Schmidt , David Schnurr , John Schulman , Daniel Selsam , Kyla Sheppard , Toki Sherbakov , Jessica Shieh , Sarah Shoker , Pranav Shyam , Szymon Sidor , Eric Sigler , Maddie Simens , Jordan Sitkin , Katarina Slama , Ian Sohl , Benjamin Sokolowsky , Yang Song , Natalie Staudacher , Felipe Petroski Such , Natalie Summers , Ilya Sutskever , Jie Tang , Nikolas Tezak , Madeleine B. Thompson , Phil Tillet , Amin Tootoonchian , Elizabeth Tseng , Preston Tuggle , Nick Turley , Jerry Tworek , Juan Felipe Cerón Uribe , Andrea Vallone , Arun Vijayvergiya , Chelsea Voss , Carroll Wainwright , Justin Jay Wang , Alvin Wang , Ben Wang , Jonathan Ward , Jason Wei , CJ Weinmann , Akila Welihinda , Peter Welinder , Jiayi Weng , Lilian Weng , Matt Wiethoff , Dave Willner , Clemens Winter , Samuel Wolrich , Hannah Wong , Lauren Workman , Sherwin Wu , Jeff Wu , Michael Wu , Kai Xiao , Tao Xu , Sarah Yoo , Kevin Yu , Qiming Yuan , Wojciech Zaremba , Rowan Zellers , Chong Zhang , Marvin Zhang , Shengjia Zhao , Tianhao Zheng , Juntang Zhuang , William Zhuk , Barret Zoph

This paper provides an introductory survey to GPT-3. We cover some of the historical development behind this technology, some of the key features of GPT-3, and discuss the machine learning model and the datasets used. We survey both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Mingyu Zong , Bhaskar Krishnamachari

Introduction: Large language models (LLM) have shown great potential in clinical decision support. GPT-5 is a novel LLM system that has been specifically marketed towards oncology use. Methods: Performance was assessed using two…

While large language models have made strides in natural language processing, their proficiency in complex reasoning tasks requiring formal language comprehension, such as chess, remains less investigated. This paper probes the performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Mu-Tien Kuo , Chih-Chung Hsueh , Richard Tzong-Han Tsai

Addressing the global challenge of breast cancer, this research explores the fusion of generative AI, focusing on ChatGPT 3.5 turbo model, and the intricacies of breast cancer risk assessment. The research aims to evaluate ChatGPT's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Yousef Khan , Ahmed Abdeen Hamed

Using a novel professional certification survey, the study focuses on assessing the vocational skills of two highly cited AI models, GPT-3 and Turbo-GPT3.5. The approach emphasizes the importance of practical readiness over academic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 David Noever , Matt Ciolino