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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a popular method for the noninvasive stimulation of neurons in the brain. It has become a standard instrument in experimental brain research and is approved for a range of diagnostic and…

Medical Physics · Physics 2023-12-27 Max Koehler , Stefan Goetz

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive medical procedure that can modulate brain activity, and it is widely used in neuroscience and neurology research. Compared to manual operators, robots may improve the outcome of TMS…

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technique for noninvasively stimulating a brain area for therapeutic, rehabilitation treatments and neuroscience research. Despite our understanding of the physical principles and experimental…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-12-30 Jose Gomez-Tames , Ilkka Laakso , Akimasa Hirata

Background: Calculation of the electric field induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the brain requires accurate models of the stimulation coils. Reconstructing models from the measured magnetic fields of coils so far worked…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2021-12-30 Kristoffer Hougaard Madsen , Maria Drakaki , Axel Thielscher

Various coils for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are widely available for clinical and research use. These coils are almost all designed as air coils, which require large levels of energy to achieve a given magnetic flux density…

Medical Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Max Koehler , Akshata Sangle , Stefan M. Goetz

We present a real-time visualization system for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), a non-invasive neuromodulation technique for treating various brain disorders and mental health diseases. Our solution targets the current challenges…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-14 Loraine Franke , Tae Young Park , Jie Luo , Yogesh Rathi , Steve Pieper , Lipeng Ning , Daniel Haehn

Concurrent TMS-fMRI involves administrating TMS while subjects are inside an MRI scanner and allows the study of the effects of neurostimulation on simultaneous brain activity. Despite its high promise, the technique has proven challenging…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-04-12 Samuel Goldstein , Farshad Rafiei , Dobromir Rahnev

Accurate neuronavigation is critical for effective transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), as stimulation outcomes depend directly on precise coil placement. Existing neuronavigation systems are often costly, complex, and prone to tracking…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Xuyi Hu , Ke Ma , Siwei Liu , Per Ola Kristensson , Stefan Goetz

Topology optimization, a technique to determine where material should be placed within a predefined volume in order to minimize a physical objective, is used across a wide range of scientific fields and applications. A general application…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-06-23 Alan A. Kaptanoglu , Gabriel P. Langlois , Matt Landreman

The primary motor cortex appears to be in the center of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). It is one of few locations that provide directly observable responses, and its physiology serves as model or reference for almost all other TMS…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-08 Maryam Farahmandrad , Stefan Goetz

The magnetic compression experiment at General Fusion was a repetitive non-destructive test to study plasma physics applicable to magnetic target fusion compression. A compact torus (CT) is formed with a co-axial gun into a containment…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Carl Dunlea

The temporal shape of a pulse in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) influences which neuron populations are activated preferentially as well as the strength and even direction of neuromodulation effects. Furthermore, various pulse…

Medical Physics · Physics 2022-02-15 Z. Li , J. Zhang , A. V. Peterchev , S. M. Goetz

Robot-assisted Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (Robo-TMS) is an image-guided robotic intervention that enhances the accuracy and reproducibility of conventional Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), a widely used non-invasive brain…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Wenzhi Bai , Yituo Guo , Bhaskar Basu , Andrew Weightman , Zhenhong Li

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive and safe brain stimulation procedure with growing applications in clinical treatments and neuroscience research. However, achieving precise stimulation over prolonged sessions poses…

Transcranial electric stimulation (TES) can modulate intrinsic neural activity in the brain by injecting weak currents through electrodes attached to the scalp. TES has been widely used as a neuroscience tool to investigate how behavioural…

Objective. Personalized transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) has gained growing attention due to the substantial inter-individual variability in brain anatomy and physiology. While previous reviews have discussed the physiological…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-06 Mo Wang , Kexin Zheng , Yingyue Xin , Xiang Chen , Yiling Liu , Huichun Luo , Jingsheng Tang , Tifei Yuan , Hongkai Wen , Pengfei Wei , Quanying Liu

Objective: This work aims to reduce the acoustic noise level of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coils. TMS requires high currents (several thousand amperes) to be pulsed through the coil, which generates a loud acoustic impulse…

Medical Physics · Physics 2020-07-03 Lari M. Koponen , Stefan M. Goetz , Angel V. Peterchev

Magnetic stimulation is a standard tool in brain research and many fields of neurology, as well as psychiatry. From a physical perspective, one key aspect of this method is the inefficiency of available setups. Whereas the spatial field…

Medical Physics · Physics 2011-06-20 Stefan M. Goetz , Nam C. Truong , Manuel G. Gerhofer , Thomas Weyh , Hans-Georg Herzog

Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a powerful tool to investigate neurophysiology of the human brain and treat brain disorders. Traditionally, therapeutic TMS has been applied in a one-size-fits-all approach,…

Accurate electromagnetic modeling of the head of a subject is of main interest in the fields of source reconstruction and brain stimulation. Those processes rely heavily on the quality of the model and, even though the geometry of the…

Medical Physics · Physics 2022-02-15 Martin Grignard , Christophe Geuzaine , Christophe Phillips
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