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Deep search agents have proven effective in enhancing LLMs by retrieving external knowledge during multi-step reasoning. However, existing methods often generate a single query for retrieval at each reasoning step, limiting information…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jiabei Liu , Wenyu Mao , Junfei Tan , Chunxu Shen , Lingling Yi , Jiancan Wu , Xiang Wang

Reinforcement learning (RL) offers a principled way to enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models, yet its effectiveness hinges on training signals that remain informative as models evolve. In practice, RL progress often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Caijun Xu , Changyi Xiao , Zhongyuan Peng , Xinrun Wang , Yixin Cao

Sequential recommendation aims to predict users' next interaction with items based on their past engagement sequence. Recently, the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has sparked interest in leveraging them for sequential…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Jiayi Liao , Sihang Li , Zhengyi Yang , Jiancan Wu , Yancheng Yuan , Xiang Wang , Xiangnan He

Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting is a popular in-context learning (ICL) approach for large language models (LLMs), especially when tackling complex reasoning tasks. Traditional ICL approaches construct prompts using examples that contain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Zifan Xu , Haozhu Wang , Dmitriy Bespalov , Xian Wu , Peter Stone , Yanjun Qi

While recent advancements in aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with recommendation tasks have shown great potential and promising performance overall, these aligned recommendation LLMs still face challenges in complex scenarios. This is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yi Fang , Wenjie Wang , Yang Zhang , Fengbin Zhu , Qifan Wang , Fuli Feng , Xiangnan He

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly rely on reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) to elicit reliable chain-of-thought reasoning. However, the training process remains bottlenecked by the computationally expensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Bingshuai Liu , Ante Wang , Zijun Min , Liang Yao , Haibo Zhang , Yang Liu , Xu Han , Peng Li , Anxiang Zeng , Jinsong Su

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become the dominant paradigm for improving the performance of language models on complex reasoning tasks. Despite the substantial empirical gains demonstrated by RL-based training methods like GRPO, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jiayu Wang , Yifei Ming , Zixuan Ke , Caiming Xiong , Shafiq Joty , Aws Albarghouthi , Frederic Sala

Reinforcement learning plays a crucial role in generative re-ranking scenarios due to its exploration-exploitation capabilities, but existing generative methods mostly fail to adapt to the dynamic entropy changes in model difficulty during…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Changshuo Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been integrated into recommender systems to enhance user behavior comprehension. The Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) technique is further incorporated into these systems to retrieve more relevant items…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Sichun Luo , Jian Xu , Xiaojie Zhang , Linrong Wang , Sicong Liu , Hanxu Hou , Linqi Song

Search and recommendation (S&R) are fundamental components of modern online platforms, yet effectively leveraging search behaviors to improve recommendation remains a challenging problem. User search histories often contain noisy or…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Teng Shi , Weicong Qin , Weijie Yu , Xiao Zhang , Ming He , Jianping Fan , Jun Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a promising frontier for recommender systems, yet their development has been impeded by the absence of predictable scaling laws, which are crucial for guiding research and optimizing resource…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Benyu Zhang , Qiang Zhang , Jianpeng Cheng , Hong-You Chen , Qifei Wang , Wei Sun , Shen Li , Jia Li , Jiahao Wu , Xiangjun Fan , Hong Yan

Transformers have become the dominant architecture for sequence modeling by using self-attention to enable expressive and highly parallel processing. However, the resulting quadratic time and memory costs limit efficiency in long-context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Tristan Gaudreault , Yongyi Mao

Post-training, particularly reinforcement learning (RL) using self-play-generated data, has become a new learning paradigm for large language models (LLMs). However, scaling RL to develop a general reasoner remains a research challenge, as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Tianlong Wang , Junzhe Chen , Xueting Han , Jing Bai

The growing disparity between the exponential scaling of computational resources and the finite growth of high-quality text data now constrains conventional scaling approaches for large language models (LLMs). To address this challenge, we…

To develop effective sequential recommender systems, numerous methods have been proposed to model historical user behaviors. Despite the effectiveness, these methods share the same fast thinking paradigm. That is, for making…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Junjie Zhang , Beichen Zhang , Wenqi Sun , Hongyu Lu , Wayne Xin Zhao , Yu Chen , Ji-Rong Wen

During conversational interactions, humans subconsciously engage in concurrent thinking while listening to a speaker. Although this internal cognitive processing may not always manifest as explicit linguistic structures, it is instrumental…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-21 Donghang Wu , Tianyu Zhang , Yuxin Li , Hexin Liu , Chen Chen , Eng Siong Chng , Yoshua Bengio

Personalization is a critical task in modern intelligent systems, with applications spanning diverse domains, including interactions with large language models (LLMs). Recent advances in reasoning capabilities have significantly enhanced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Sichun Luo , Guanzhi Deng , Jian Xu , Xiaojie Zhang , Hanxu Hou , Linqi Song

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate their reasoning ability through chain-of-thought (CoT) generation. However, LLM's autoregressive decoding may limit the ability to revisit and refine earlier tokens in a holistic manner, which can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Haoqiang Kang , Yizhe Zhang , Nikki Lijing Kuang , Nicklas Majamaki , Navdeep Jaitly , Yi-An Ma , Lianhui Qin

To advance time series forecasting (TSF), various methods have been proposed to improve prediction accuracy, evolving from statistical techniques to data-driven deep learning architectures. Despite their effectiveness, most existing methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yitong Zhou , Yucong Luo , Mingyue Cheng , Qi Liu , Jiahao Wang , Daoyu Wang , Enhong Chen

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated that progressive refinement, rather than providing a single answer, results in more accurate and thoughtful outputs. However, existing methods often rely heavily on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Chengyu Du , Jinyi Han , Yizhou Ying , Aili Chen , Qianyu He , Haokun Zhao , Sirui Xia , Haoran Guo , Jiaqing Liang , Zulong Chen , Liangyue Li , Yanghua Xiao
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