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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have pushed the frontiers of Knowledge-Based Visual Question Answering (KBVQA), yet their reasoning is fundamentally bottlenecked by a reliance on uni-dimensional evidence. This "seeing only the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Junjie Wang , Yunhan Tang , Yijie Wang , Zhihao Yuan , Huan Wang , Yangfan He , Bin Li

Modern vision-language models (VLMs) deliver impressive predictive accuracy yet offer little insight into 'why' a decision is reached, frequently hallucinating facts, particularly when encountering out-of-distribution data. Neurosymbolic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Sanchit Sinha , Guangzhi Xiong , Zhenghao He , Aidong Zhang

This paper introduces a multi-agent framework for comprehensive highway scene understanding, designed around a mixture-of-experts strategy. In this framework, a large generic vision-language model (VLM), such as GPT-4o, is contextualized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Yunxiang Yang , Ningning Xu , Jidong J. Yang

Accurate diagnosis of ophthalmic diseases relies heavily on the interpretation of multimodal ophthalmic images, a process often time-consuming and expertise-dependent. Visual Question Answering (VQA) presents a potential interdisciplinary…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-23 Xiaolan Chen , Ruoyu Chen , Pusheng Xu , Weiyi Zhang , Xianwen Shang , Mingguang He , Danli Shi

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) often yield inconsistent descriptions of the same object across viewpoints, hindering the ability of embodied agents to construct consistent semantic representations over time. Previous methods resolved…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Tommaso Galliena , Stefano Rosa , Tommaso Apicella , Pietro Morerio , Alessio Del Bue , Lorenzo Natale

Since the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), various research based on such models have maintained significant academic attention and impact, especially in AI and robotics. In this paper, we propose a multi-agent framework with LLMs to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Junhong Chen , Ziqi Yang , Haoyuan G Xu , Dandan Zhang , George Mylonas

Vision-language models (VLMs) excel at extracting and reasoning about information from images. Yet, their capacity to leverage internal knowledge about specific entities remains underexplored. This work investigates the disparity in model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Ido Cohen , Daniela Gottesman , Mor Geva , Raja Giryes

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a novel problem domain where multi-modal inputs must be processed in order to solve the task given in the form of a natural language. As the solutions inherently require to combine visual and natural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Mikyas T. Desta , Larry Chen , Tomasz Kornuta

Inspired by human categorization, object property reasoning involves identifying and recognizing low-level details and higher-level abstractions. While current visual question answering (VQA) studies consider multiple object properties,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Abhishek Kolari , Mohammadhossein Khojasteh , Yifan Jiang , Floris den Hengst , Filip Ilievski

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown impressive results in sequential decision-making tasks. Meanwhile, Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged, exhibiting impressive capabilities in multimodal…

Building robust vision systems for high-stakes domains such as remote sensing requires stronger visual reasoning than what single-pass inference typically provides; yet, retraining large models is often computationally expensive and data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Chung-En Johnny Yu , Brian Jalaian , Nathaniel D. Bastian

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly explored as general-purpose reasoners, particularly in agentic contexts. However, their outputs remain prone to mathematical and logical errors. This is especially challenging in open-ended…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Agnieszka Mensfelt , Kostas Stathis , Vince Trencsenyi

In an era where single large language models have dominated the landscape of artificial intelligence for years, multi-agent systems arise as new protagonists in conversational task-solving. While previous studies have showcased their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Jonas Becker

Large Language Model (LLM) agents deployed in complex real-world scenarios increasingly operate as spatially distributed entities. However, this physical dispersion constrains agents to limited local perception and finite temporal horizons.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Handi Chen , Running Zhao , Xiuzhe Wu , Edith C. H. Ngai

As Large Language Models (LLMs) have become integral to both research and daily operations, rigorous evaluation is crucial. This assessment is important not only for individual tasks but also for understanding their societal impact and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Zeeshan Rasheed , Muhammad Waseem , Kari Systä , Pekka Abrahamsson

Human reasoning can be understood as a cooperation between the intuitive, associative "System-1" and the deliberative, logical "System-2". For existing System-1-like methods in visual activity understanding, it is crucial to integrate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Xiaoqian Wu , Yong-Lu Li , Jianhua Sun , Cewu Lu

We attempt to solve the Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) Challenge using Large Language Models (LLMs) as a system of multiple expert agents. Using the flexibility of LLMs to be prompted to do various novel tasks using zero-shot,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-10 John Chong Min Tan , Mehul Motani

Stochastic sampling strategies are widely adopted in large language models (LLMs) to balance output coherence and diversity. These heuristics are often inherited in Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) without task-specific justification. However, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Boqi Chen , Xudong Liu , Yunke Ao , Jianing Qiu

As LLMs increasingly take on roles in human-AI interactions and autonomous AI systems, understanding their social behavior becomes important for informed use and continuous improvement. However, their behaviors in social interactions with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Yan Leng , Yuan Yuan

Context: Manual qualitative data analysis is time-intensive and can compromise validity and replicability, affecting analysis design, implementation, and reporting. Large Language Models (LLMs) enable human-bot collaboration in Software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zeeshan Rasheed , Muhammad Waseem , Aakash Ahmad , Kai-Kristian Kemell , Wang Xiaofeng , Anh Nguyen Duc , Pekka Abrahamsson