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Recent advances in large vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated generalizable open-vocabulary perception and reasoning, yet their real-robot manipulation capability remains unclear for long-horizon, closed-loop execution in…

The fundamental premise of Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models is to harness the extensive general capabilities of pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) for generalized embodied intelligence. However, standard robotic fine-tuning…

When reasoning about actions, e.g., by means of task planning or agent programming with Golog, the robot's actions are typically modeled on an abstract level, where complex actions such as picking up an object are treated as atomic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Till Hofmann

Machine learning for robot manipulation promises to unlock generalization to novel tasks and environments. But how should we measure the progress of these policies towards generalization? Evaluating and quantifying generalization is the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Jensen Gao , Suneel Belkhale , Sudeep Dasari , Ashwin Balakrishna , Dhruv Shah , Dorsa Sadigh

Robotic manipulation in 3D requires effective computation of N degree-of-freedom joint-space trajectories that enable precise and robust control. To achieve this, robots must integrate semantic understanding with visual perception to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Vineet Bhat , Yu-Hsiang Lan , Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Ramesh Karri , Farshad Khorrami

Goal-conditioned reinforcement learning (GCRL) allows agents to learn diverse objectives using a unified policy. The success of GCRL, however, is contingent on the choice of goal representation. In this work, we propose a mask-based goal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Fahim Shahriar , Cheryl Wang , Alireza Azimi , Gautham Vasan , Hany Hamed Elanwar , A. Rupam Mahmood , Colin Bellinger

Multi-task robot learning holds significant importance in tackling diverse and complex scenarios. However, current approaches are hindered by performance issues and difficulties in collecting training datasets. In this paper, we propose…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Wenxuan Song , Han Zhao , Pengxiang Ding , Can Cui , Shangke Lyu , Yaning Fan , Donglin Wang

Current robots are capable of computing plans to accomplish complex tasks. However, real-world environments are inherently open and dynamic, and unforeseen situations frequently arise during plan execution, such as jamming doors and fallen…

This paper proposes a methodology for generating and perturbing detailed derivations of equations at scale, aided by a symbolic engine, to evaluate the generalisability of Transformers to out-of-distribution mathematical reasoning problems.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Jordan Meadows , Marco Valentino , Damien Teney , Andre Freitas

Simulators are a critical component of modern robotics research. Strategies for both perception and decision making can be studied in simulation first before deployed to real world systems, saving on time and costs. Despite significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Bhairav Mehta , Ankur Handa , Dieter Fox , Fabio Ramos

Recent advancements in robotic manipulation have highlighted the potential of intermediate representations for improving policy generalization. In this work, we explore grounding masks as an effective intermediate representation, balancing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Haifeng Huang , Xinyi Chen , Yilun Chen , Hao Li , Xiaoshen Han , Zehan Wang , Tai Wang , Jiangmiao Pang , Zhou Zhao

Recent works have shown that Large Language Models (LLMs) can be applied to ground natural language to a wide variety of robot skills. However, in practice, learning multi-task, language-conditioned robotic skills typically requires…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Oier Mees , Jessica Borja-Diaz , Wolfram Burgard

Validation is often defined as the process of determining the degree to which a model is an accurate representation of the real world from the perspective of its intended uses. Validation is crucial as industries and governments depend…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2015-06-26 D. Sornette , A. B. Davis , K. Ide , K. R. Vixie , V. Pisarenko , J. R. Kamm

We propose a new Verbal Reinforcement Learning (VRL) framework for interpretable task-level planning in mobile robotic systems operating under execution uncertainty. The framework follows a closed-loop architecture that enables iterative…

Imitation learning frameworks for robotic manipulation have drawn attention in the recent development of language model grounded robotics. However, the success of the frameworks largely depends on the coverage of the demonstration cases:…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Tong Mu , Yihao Liu , Mehran Armand

Large language models possess impressive capabilities in generating programs (e.g., Python) from natural language descriptions to execute robotic tasks. However, these generated programs often contain errors that violate externally given…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Yunhao Yang , Neel P. Bhatt , William Ward , Zichao Hu , Joydeep Biswas , Ufuk Topcu

One central goal of robotics is to enable robots to interact with the physical world. Traditional manipulation studies primarily focus on single robots and relatively small objects. However, factory and domestic environments often require…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Kun Song , Gaoming Chen , Shentao Ma , Ninglong Jin , Guangbao Zhao , Mingyu Ding , Zhenhua Xiong , Jia Pan

While automated driving technology has achieved a tremendous progress, the scalable and rigorous testing and verification of safe automated and autonomous driving vehicles remain challenging. This paper proposes a learning-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Andrea Favrin , Vladislav Nenchev , Angelo Cenedese

Visual Language Action (VLA) models are a multi-modal class of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems that integrate visual perception, natural language understanding, and action planning to enable agents to interpret their environment,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Pablo Valle , Chengjie Lu , Shaukat Ali , Aitor Arrieta