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Breakthroughs in frontier theory often depend on the combination of concrete diagrammatic notations with rigorous logic. While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) show promise in general scientific tasks, current benchmarks often focus…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Zeyu Wang , Xiaogang Li , Peiyao Xiao , Qinhao Kong , Ben Wang , Chengliang Xu , Zichao Chen , Bing Zhao , Hu Wei

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel in solving text-based mathematical problems, but they struggle with mathematical diagrams since they are primarily trained on natural scene images. For humans, visual aids generally enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Wenwen Zhuang , Xin Huang , Xiantao Zhang , Jin Zeng

With advances in foundational and vision-language models, and effective fine-tuning techniques, a large number of both general and special-purpose models have been developed for a variety of visual tasks. Despite the flexibility and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Wan-Cyuan Fan , Tanzila Rahman , Leonid Sigal

Vision Language Models (VLMs) encode multimodal inputs over large, complex, and difficult-to-interpret architectures, which limit transparency and trust. We propose a Multimodal Inversion for Model Interpretation and Conceptualization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Animesh Jain , Alexandros Stergiou

Face frontalization consists of synthesizing a frontally-viewed face from an arbitrarily-viewed one. The main contribution of this paper is a robust face alignment method that enables pixel-to-pixel warping. The method simultaneously…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Zhiqi Kang , Mostafa Sadeghi , Radu Horaud

While language reasoning models excel in many tasks, visual reasoning remains challenging for current large multimodal models (LMMs). As a result, most LMMs default to verbalizing perceptual content into text, a strong limitation for tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 André G. Viveiros , Nuno Gonçalves , Matthias Lindemann , André Martins

The rise of foundation models has shifted focus from resource-intensive fine-tuning to prompt engineering, a paradigm that steers model behavior through input design rather than weight updates. While manual prompt engineering faces…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Wenwu Li , Xiangfeng Wang , Wenhao Li , Bo Jin

Current multimodal models often suffer from shallow reasoning, leading to errors caused by incomplete or inconsistent thought processes. To address this limitation, we propose Self-Verification and Self-Rectification (SVSR), a unified…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Zhe Qian , Nianbing Su , Zhonghua Wang , Hebei Li , Zhongxing Xu , Yueying Li , Fei Luo , Zhuohan Ouyang , Yanbiao Ma

Visual grounding is a promising path toward more robust and accurate Natural Language Processing (NLP) models. Many multimodal extensions of BERT (e.g., VideoBERT, LXMERT, VL-BERT) allow a joint modeling of texts and images that lead to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Damien Sileo

Recently, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved exceptional performance across diverse tasks, continually surpassing previous expectations regarding their capabilities. Nevertheless, their proficiency in perceiving emotions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Daiqing Wu , Dongbao Yang , Sicheng Zhao , Can Ma , Yu Zhou

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive progress in single-image grounding and general multi-image understanding. Recently, some methods begin to address multi-image grounding. However, they are constrained by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Shurong Zheng , Yousong Zhu , Hongyin Zhao , Fan Yang , Yufei Zhan , Ming Tang , Jinqiao Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated unprecedented capabilities across various natural language processing tasks. Their ability to process and generate viable text and code has made them ubiquitous in many fields, while their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Stef De Sabbata , Stefano Mizzaro , Kevin Roitero

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) trained with visual instruction tuning have achieved strong performance across diverse tasks, yet they remain limited in vision-centric tasks such as object counting or spatial reasoning. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Heeji Yoon , Jaewoo Jung , Junwan Kim , Hyungyu Choi , Heeseong Shin , Sangbeom Lim , Honggyu An , Chaehyun Kim , Jisang Han , Donghyun Kim , Chanho Eom , Sunghwan Hong , Seungryong Kim

Scientific reasoning in materials science requires integrating multimodal experimental evidence with underlying physical theory. Existing benchmarks make it difficult to assess whether incorporating visual experimental data during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Delia McGrath , Curtis Chong , Rohil Kulkarni , Gerbrand Ceder , Adeesh Kolluru

Open-source multimodal large language models (MLLMs) excel in various tasks involving textual and visual inputs but still struggle with complex multimodal mathematical reasoning, lagging behind proprietary models like GPT-4V(ision) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Mengzhao Jia , Zhihan Zhang , Wenhao Yu , Fangkai Jiao , Meng Jiang

Geometric spatial reasoning forms the foundation of many applications in artificial intelligence, yet the ability of large language models (LLMs) to operate over geometric spatial information expressed in procedural code remains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Shixian Luo , Zezhou Zhu , Yu Yuan , Yuncheng Yang , Lianlei Shan , Yong Wu

Recent efforts of multimodal Transformers have improved Visually Rich Document Understanding (VrDU) tasks via incorporating visual and textual information. However, existing approaches mainly focus on fine-grained elements such as words and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Wenjin Wang , Zhengjie Huang , Bin Luo , Qianglong Chen , Qiming Peng , Yinxu Pan , Weichong Yin , Shikun Feng , Yu Sun , Dianhai Yu , Yin Zhang

Large language models have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities across diverse natural language tasks. However, comparable breakthroughs in scientific discovery are more limited, because understanding complex physical phenomena…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jiyu Cui , Fang Wu , Haokai Zhao , Minggao Feng , Xenophon Evangelopoulos , Andrew I. Cooper , Yejin Choi

Geometry problem-solving (GPS), a challenging task requiring both visual comprehension and symbolic reasoning, effectively measures the reasoning capabilities of multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Humans exhibit strong reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Liangyu Xu , Yingxiu Zhao , Jingyun Wang , Yingyao Wang , Bu Pi , Chen Wang , Mingliang Zhang , Jihao Gu , Xiang Li , Xiaoyong Zhu , Jun Song , Bo Zheng

Formal logic enables computers to reason in natural language by representing sentences in symbolic forms and applying rules to derive conclusions. However, in what our study characterizes as "rulebreaker" scenarios, this method can lead to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Jason Chan , Robert Gaizauskas , Zhixue Zhao