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Information retrieval and question answering from safety regulations are essential for automated construction compliance checking but are hindered by the linguistic and structural complexity of regulatory text. Many queries are multi-hop,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yuxin Zhang , Xi Wang , Mo Hu , Zhenyu Zhang

Standard Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) relies on chunk-based retrieval, whereas GraphRAG advances this approach by graph-based knowledge representation. However, existing graph-based RAG approaches are constrained by binary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Haoran Luo , Haihong E , Guanting Chen , Yandan Zheng , Xiaobao Wu , Yikai Guo , Qika Lin , Yu Feng , Zemin Kuang , Meina Song , Yifan Zhu , Luu Anh Tuan

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) remains unreliable in long-form settings, where retrieved evidence is noisy or contradictory, making it difficult for RAG pipelines to maintain factual consistency. Existing approaches focus on retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Qingying Niu , Yuhao Wang , Ruiyang Ren , Bohui Fang , Wayne Xin Zhao

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a key paradigm for knowledge-intensive question answering. However, existing multi-hop RAG systems remain inefficient, as they alternate between retrieval and reasoning at each step, resulting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Hao Yang , Zhiyu Yang , Xupeng Zhang , Wei Wei , Yunjie Zhang , Lin Yang

Multi-hop Question Generation (QG) aims to generate answer-related questions by aggregating and reasoning over multiple scattered evidence from different paragraphs. It is a more challenging yet under-explored task compared to conventional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Dan Su , Yan Xu , Wenliang Dai , Ziwei Ji , Tiezheng Yu , Pascale Fung

This study aims to improve knowledge-based question-answering (QA) systems by overcoming the limitations of existing Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) models and implementing an advanced RAG system based on Graph technology to develop…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Cheonsu Jeong

Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Graph-RAG) enhances multihop question answering by organizing corpora into knowledge graphs and routing evidence through relational structure. However, practical deployments face two persistent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jiate Liu , Zebin Chen , Shaobo Qiao , Mingchen Ju , Danting Zhang , Bocheng Han , Shuyue Yu , Xin Shu , Jingling Wu , Dong Wen , Xin Cao , Guanfeng Liu , Zhengyi Yang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) grounds language models in external evidence, but multi-hop question answering remains difficult because iterative pipelines must control what to retrieve next and when the available evidence is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Minghan Li , Junjie Zou , Xinxuan Lv , Chao Zhang , Guodong Zhou

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a powerful paradigm for improving large language models (LLMs) on knowledge-intensive question answering. Graph-based RAG (GraphRAG) leverages entity-relation graphs to support multi-hop reasoning,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Kai Guo , Xinnan Dai , Shenglai Zeng , Harry Shomer , Haoyu Han , Yu Wang , Jiliang Tang

Multi-hop QA (Question Answering) is the task of finding the answer to a question across multiple documents. In recent years, a number of Deep Learning-based approaches have been proposed to tackle this complex task, as well as a few…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Yunjie He , Philip John Gorinski , Ieva Staliunaite , Pontus Stenetorp

Large language models have shown remarkable language processing and reasoning ability but are prone to hallucinate when asked about private data. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) retrieves relevant data that fit into an LLM's context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Alfred Clemedtson , Borun Shi

Despite initial successes and a variety of architectures, retrieval-augmented generation systems still struggle to reliably retrieve and connect the multi-step evidence required for complicated reasoning tasks. Most of the standard RAG…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jovan Pavlović , Miklós Krész , László Hajdu

Retrieval-augmented generation have become central in natural language processing due to their efficacy in generating factual content. While traditional methods employ single-time retrieval, more recent approaches have shifted towards…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yujia Zhou , Zheng Liu , Jiajie Jin , Jian-Yun Nie , Zhicheng Dou

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by integrating them with an external knowledge base to improve the answer relevance and accuracy. In real-world scenarios, beyond pure text, a substantial amount of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jiaru Zou , Dongqi Fu , Sirui Chen , Xinrui He , Zihao Li , Yada Zhu , Jiawei Han , Jingrui He

While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) augments Large Language Models (LLMs) with external knowledge, conventional single-agent RAG remains fundamentally limited in resolving complex queries demanding coordinated reasoning across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Pei Liu , Xin Liu , Ruoyu Yao , Junming Liu , Siyuan Meng , Ding Wang , Jun Ma

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Knowledge Graphs (KGs) offer a promising approach to robust and explainable Question Answering (QA). While LLMs excel at natural language understanding, they suffer from knowledge gaps and hallucinations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Jasper Linders , Jakub M. Tomczak

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising technology for addressing hallucination issues in the responses generated by large language models (LLMs). Existing studies on RAG primarily focus on applying semantic-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Xiangrong Zhu , Yuexiang Xie , Yi Liu , Yaliang Li , Wei Hu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation enhances language models by retrieving external knowledge to support informed and grounded responses. However, traditional RAG methods rely on fragment-level retrieval, limiting their ability to address…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Wenbiao Tao , Xinyuan Li , Yunshi Lan , Weining Qian

Graph retrieval-augmented generation (GraphRAG) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for enhancing large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge. It leverages graphs to model the hierarchical structure between specific concepts,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Zhishang Xiang , Chuanjie Wu , Qinggang Zhang , Shengyuan Chen , Zijin Hong , Xiao Huang , Jinsong Su

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves large language model reliability by grounding generated responses in external evidence. However, RAG performance depends on the relevance of retrieved passages, the quality of evidence ranking,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Fariba Afrin Irany , Sampson Akwafuo