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Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed text generation through inherently probabilistic context-aware mechanisms, mimicking human natural language. In this paper, we systematically investigate the performance of various LLMs when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Javier Coronado-Blázquez

As state-of-the-art Large Language Models (LLMs) have become ubiquitous, ensuring equitable performance across diverse demographics is critical. However, it remains unclear whether these disparities arise from the explicitly stated identity…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Irti Haq , Belén Saldías

The success of Large Language Models (LLMs) in multicultural environments hinges on their ability to understand users' diverse cultural backgrounds. We measure this capability by having an LLM simulate human profiles representing various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Louis Kwok , Michal Bravansky , Lewis D. Griffin

Demographic cue-based evaluation is widely used to study how large language models (LLMs) adapt their responses to signaled demographic attributes within and across groups. This approach typically relies on a single cue (e.g., names) as a…

Large Language Model (LLM)-based conversational agents offer promising solutions for mental health support, but lack cultural responsiveness for diverse populations. This study evaluated the effectiveness of cultural prompting in improving…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Serena Jinchen Xie , Shumenghui Zhai , Yanjing Liang , Jingyi Li , Xuehong Fan , Trevor Cohen , Weichao Yuwen

Large Language Models have been demonstrating broadly satisfactory generative abilities for users, which seems to be due to the intensive use of human feedback that refines responses. Nevertheless, suggestibility inherited via human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Leonardo Ranaldi , Giulia Pucci

Large language models (LLMs) have been recently leveraged as training data generators for various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. While previous research has explored different approaches to training models using generated data,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Yue Yu , Yuchen Zhuang , Jieyu Zhang , Yu Meng , Alexander Ratner , Ranjay Krishna , Jiaming Shen , Chao Zhang

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly accessible in many countries, it is essential to align them to serve pluralistic human values across cultures. However, pluralistic culture alignment in LLMs remain an open problem. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Shaoyang Xu , Yongqi Leng , Linhao Yu , Deyi Xiong

Prompting large language models has gained immense popularity in recent years due to the advantage of producing good results even without the need for labelled data. However, this requires prompt tuning to get optimal prompts that lead to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Jacob-Junqi Tian , David Emerson , Sevil Zanjani Miyandoab , Deval Pandya , Laleh Seyyed-Kalantari , Faiza Khan Khattak

Large language models (LLMs) have shown success in generating high-quality responses. In order to achieve better alignment with LLMs with human preference, various works are proposed based on specific optimization process, which, however,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Zhuo Li , Yuhao Du , Jinpeng Hu , Xiang Wan , Anningzhe Gao

We introduce Directional Stimulus Prompting, a novel framework for guiding black-box large language models (LLMs) toward specific desired outputs. Instead of directly adjusting LLMs, our method employs a small tunable policy model (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Zekun Li , Baolin Peng , Pengcheng He , Michel Galley , Jianfeng Gao , Xifeng Yan

Open-generation bias benchmarks evaluate social biases in Large Language Models (LLMs) by analyzing their outputs. However, the classifiers used in analysis often have inherent biases, leading to unfair conclusions. This study examines such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Nathaniel Demchak , Xin Guan , Zekun Wu , Ziyi Xu , Adriano Koshiyama , Emre Kazim

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in text generation and understanding, especially in simulating socio-political and economic patterns, serving as an alternative to traditional surveys. However, their global applicability remains…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Andrés Abeliuk , Vanessa Gaete , Naim Bro

Human self-report questionnaires are increasingly used in NLP to benchmark and audit large language models (LLMs), from persona consistency to safety and bias assessments. Yet these instruments presume honest responding; in evaluative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Kensuke Okada , Yui Furukawa , Kyosuke Bunji

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to simulate population responses, a method known as ``Silicon Sampling''. However, responses to socially sensitive questions frequently exhibit Social Desirability Bias (SDB), diverging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Sashank Chapala , Maksym Mironov , Songgaojun Deng

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in resume screening pipelines. Although explicit PII (e.g., names) is commonly redacted, resumes typically retain subtle sociocultural markers (languages, co-curricular activities,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Bryan Chen Zhengyu Tan , Shaun Khoo , Bich Ngoc Doan , Zhengyuan Liu , Nancy F. Chen , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in educational settings as interactive tools for collaboration. However, their tendency toward sycophancy, aligning with user beliefs even when incorrect, raises concerns for learning and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Cansu Koyuturk , Sabrina Guidotti , Dimitri Ognibene

Large Language Models are increasingly employed in generating consumer product recommendations, yet their potential for embedding and amplifying gender and race biases remains underexplored. This paper serves as one of the first attempts to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ke Xu , Shera Potka , Alex Thomo

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) has proven to be a tool that could help in the automatic detection of sexism. Previous studies have shown that these models contain biases that do not accurately reflect reality, especially for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Judith Tavarez-Rodríguez , Fernando Sánchez-Vega , A. Pastor López-Monroy

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate synthetic textual data for training smaller specialized models. However, a comparison of various generation strategies for low-resource language settings is lacking. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Tatiana Anikina , Jan Cegin , Jakub Simko , Simon Ostermann