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The recent VLBI observation of the Galactic center black hole candidate Sgr A* at 1.3mm shows source structure on event-horizon scales. This detection enables a direct comparison of the emission region with models of the accretion flow onto…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-11-20 Jason Dexter , Eric Agol , P. Chris Fragile

The recent 230 GHz observations of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) are able to image the innermost structure of the M87 and show a ring-like structure which is in agreement with thermal synchrotron emission generated in a torus…

Jet models of Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) data should also conform to the observed jet profiles just downstream. This study evaluates conformance of models of black hole jets to images of the innermost jet of M87. This is a basic test…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-07-10 Brian Punsly

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) will soon provide the first high-resolution images of the Galactic Centre supermassive black hole (SMBH) candidate Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), enabling us to probe gravity in the strong-field regime. Besides…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-05-26 C. M. Fromm , Y. Mizuno , Z. Younsi , H. Olivares , O. Porth , M. De Laurentis , H. Falcke , M. Kramer , L. Rezzolla

Searching for violations of the no-hair theorem (NHT) is a powerful way to test gravity, and more generally fundamental physics, particularly with regards to the existence of additional scalar fields. The first observation of a black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-09-15 Mohsen Khodadi , Alireza Allahyari , Sunny Vagnozzi , David F. Mota

The observation of the shadow of the supermassive black hole M87$^{*}$ by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is sensitive to the spacetime geometry near the circular photon orbit and beyond, and it thus has the potential to test general…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-09-19 Guillermo Lara , Sebastian H. Völkel , Enrico Barausse

The initial data from the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) on M87$^*$, the supermassive black hole at the center of the M87 galaxy, provide direct observational information on its mass, spin, and accretion disk properties. A combination of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-12 Hooman Davoudiasl , Peter B. Denton

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) image of M87* provides a direct test of strong-field gravity, measuring an angular shadow diameter $\theta_{d}=42\pm 3~\mu\mathrm{as}$ and a circularity deviation $\Delta C\leq 0.1$. Such observations allow…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-13 Kourosh Nozari , Milad Hajebrahimi , Sara Saghafi , G. Mustafa , Emmanuel N. Saridakis

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a millimeter-wavelength, very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) experiment that is capable of observing black holes with horizon-scale resolution. Early observations have revealed variable…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-12-20 Junhan Kim , Daniel P. Marrone , Chi-kwan Chan , Lia Medeiros , Feryal Özel , Dimitrios Psaltis

Thanks for the releasing image of supermassive black holes (BHs) by the event horizon telescope (EHT) at the heart of the $M87$ galaxy. After the discovery of this mysterious object, scientists paid attention to exploring the BH shadow…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-01 Xiao-Xiong Zeng , M. Israr Aslam , Rabia Saleem

A list of candidates for \textit{supermassive binary black holes} (SMBBHs), compiled from available data on the variability in the optical range and the shape of the emission spectrum, is analysed. An artificial neural network is…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-10-10 A. M. Malinovsky , E. V. Mikheeva

The relationship between galaxies and their supermassive black holes (SMBHs) is an area of active research. One way to investigate this is to compare parsec-scale jets formed by SMBHs with the projected shape of their kiloparsec-scale host…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-11-15 D. Fernández Gil , J. A. Hodgson , B. L'Huillier , J. Asorey , C. Saulder , K. Finner , M. J. Jee , D. Parkinson , F. Combes

We discuss the present performance and the future perspectives of VLBI in the 3 mm to 0.85 mm observing bands (so called mm-VLBI). The availability of new telescopes and the recent technical development towards larger observing bandwidth…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-12-23 T. P. Krichbaum , U. Bach , D. A. Graham , W. Alef , A. Roy , A. Witzel , J. A. Zensus , M. Bremer , S. Sanchez

The 2017 Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of the central source in M87 have led to the first measurement of the size of a black-hole shadow. This observation offers a new and clean gravitational test of the black-hole metric in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-05 Dimitrios Psaltis , Lia Medeiros , Pierre Christian , Feryal Ozel , Kazunori Akiyama , Antxon Alberdi , Walter Alef , Keiichi Asada , Rebecca Azulay , David Ball , Mislav Balokovic , John Barrett , Dan Bintley , Lindy Blackburn , Wilfred Boland , Geoffrey C. Bower , Michael Bremer , Christiaan D. Brinkerink , Roger Brissenden , Silke Britzen , Dominique Broguiere , Thomas Bronzwaer , Do-Young Byun , John E. Carlstrom , Andrew Chael , Chi-kwan Chan , Shami Chatterjee , Koushik Chatterjee , Ming-Tang Chen , Yongjun Chen , Ilje Cho , John E. Conway , James M. Cordes , Geoffrey B. Crew , Yuzhu Cui , Jordy Davelaar , Mariafelicia De Laurentis , Roger Deane , Jessica Dempsey , Gregory Desvignes , Jason Dexter , Ralph P. Eatough , Heino Falcke , Vincent L. Fish , Ed Fomalont , Raquel Fraga-Encinas , Per Friberg , Christian M. Fromm , Charles F. Gammie , Roberto García , Olivier Gentaz , Ciriaco Goddi , Jose L. Gomez , Minfeng Gu , Mark Gurwell , Kazuhiro Hada , Ronald Hesper , Luis C. Ho , Paul Ho , Mareki Honma , Chih-Wei L. Huang , Lei Huang , David H. Hughes , Makoto Inoue , Sara Issaoun , David J. James , Buell T. Jannuzi , Michael Janssen , Wu Jiang , Alejandra Jimenez-Rosales , Michael D. Johnson , Svetlana Jorstad , Taehyun Jung , Mansour Karami , Ramesh Karuppusamy , Tomohisa Kawashima , Garrett K. Keating , Mark Kettenis , Jae-Young Kim , Junhan Kim , Jongsoo Kim , Motoki Kino , Jun Yi Koay , Patrick M. Koch , Shoko Koyama , Michael Kramer , Carsten Kramer , Thomas P. Krichbaum , Cheng-Yu Kuo , Tod R. Lauer , Sang-Sung Lee , Yan-Rong Li , Zhiyuan Li , Michael Lindqvist , Rocco Lico , Jun Liu , Kuo Liu , Elisabetta Liuzzo , Wen-Ping Lo , Andrei P. Lobanov , Colin Lonsdale , Ru-Sen Lu , Jirong Mao , Sera Markoff , Daniel P. Marrone , Alan P. Marscher , Ivan Martí-Vidal , Satoki Matsushita , Yosuke Mizuno , Izumi Mizuno , James M. Moran , Kotaro Moriyama , Monika Moscibrodzka , Cornelia Muller , Gibwa Musoke , Alejandro Mus Mejías , Hiroshi Nagai , Neil M. Nagar , Ramesh Narayan , Gopal Narayanan , Iniyan Natarajan , Roberto Neri , Aristeidis Noutsos , Hiroki Okino , Hector Olivares , Tomoaki Oyama , Daniel C. M. Palumbo , Jongho Park , Nimesh Patel , Ue-Li Pen , Vincent Pietu , Richard Plambeck , Aleksandar PopStefanija , Ben Prather , Jorge A. Preciado-Lopez , Venkatessh Ramakrishnan , Ramprasad Rao , Mark G. Rawlings , Alexander W. Raymond , Bart Ripperda , Freek Roelofs , Alan Rogers , Eduardo Ros , Mel Rose , Arash Roshanineshat , Helge Rottmann , Alan L. Roy , Chet Ruszczyk , Benjamin R. Ryan , Kazi L. J. Rygl , Salvador Sanchez , David Sanchez-Arguelles , Mahito Sasada , Tuomas Savolainen , F. Peter Schloerb , Karl-Friedrich Schuster , Lijing Shao , Zhiqiang Shen , Des Small , Bong Won Sohn , Jason SooHoo , Fumie Tazaki , Remo P. J. Tilanus , Michael Titus , Pablo Torne , Tyler Trent , Efthalia Traianou , Sascha Trippe , Ilse van Bemmel , Huib Jan van Langevelde , Daniel R. van Rossum , Jan Wagner , John Wardle , Derek Ward-Thompson , Jonathan Weintroub , Norbert Wex , Robert Wharton , Maciek Wielgus , George N. Wong , Qingwen Wu , Doosoo Yoon , Andre Young , Ken Young , Ziri Younsi , Feng Yuan , Ye-Fei Yuan , Shan-Shan Zhao , the EHT Collaboration

Active galactic nuclei (AGN) hosting water megamaser disks enable exceptionally precise geometric determinations of black hole mass, distance, inclination, and dynamical center. In anticipation of upcoming space-based very long baseline…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-08 Roman N. Burridge , Geoffrey C. Bower

The Black Hole Explorer (BHEX) will be the first sub-mm wavelength Space Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) mission. It targets astronomical imaging with the highest ever spatial resolution to enable detection of the photon ring of a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-23 T. K. Sridharan , R. Lehmensiek , S. Schwarz , D. P. Marrone

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of Sgr\,A* resolved the shadow image and emission ring-like structure, which is associated to the photon ring of the supermassive black hole, at the galactic centre, revealing a diameter of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-04-14 Milton Jair Santibañez-Armenta , Gustavo Magallanes-Guijón , Sergio Mendoza , Alejandro Cruz-Osorio

Very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of active galactic nuclei at millimeter wavelengths have the power to reveal the launching and initial collimation region of extragalactic radio jets, down to $10-100$ gravitational…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-11-08 Michael Janssen , Heino Falcke , Matthias Kadler , Eduardo Ros , Maciek Wielgus , Kazunori Akiyama , Mislav Baloković , Lindy Blackburn , Katherine L. Bouman , Andrew Chael , Chi-kwan Chan , Koushik Chatterjee , Jordy Davelaar , Philip G. Edwards , Christian M. Fromm , José L. Gómez , Ciriaco Goddi , Sara Issaoun , Michael D. Johnson , Junhan Kim , Jun Yi Koay , Thomas P. Krichbaum , Jun Liu , Elisabetta Liuzzo , Sera Markoff , Alex Markowitz , Daniel P. Marrone , Yosuke Mizuno , Cornelia Müller , Chunchong Ni , Dominic W. Pesce , Venkatessh Ramakrishnan , Freek Roelofs , Kazi L. J. Rygl , Ilse van Bemmel , Antxon Alberdi , Walter Alef , Juan Carlos Algaba , Richard Anantua , Keiichi Asada , Rebecca Azulay , Anne-Kathrin Baczko , David Ball , John Barrett , Bradford A. Benson , Dan Bintley , Raymond Blundell , Wilfred Boland , Geoffrey C. Bower , Hope Boyce , Michael Bremer , Christiaan D. Brinkerink , Roger Brissenden , Silke Britzen , Avery E. Broderick , Dominique Broguiere , Thomas Bronzwaer , Do-Young Byun , John E. Carlstrom , Shami Chatterjee , Ming-Tang Chen , Yongjun Chen , Paul M. Chesler , Ilje Cho , Pierre Christian , John E. Conway , James M. Cordes , Thomas M. Crawford , Geoffrey B. Crew , Alejandro Cruz-Osorio , Yuzhu Cui , Mariafelicia De Laurentis , Roger Deane , Jessica Dempsey , Gregory Desvignes , Jason Dexter , Sheperd S. Doeleman , Ralph P. Eatough , Joseph Farah , Vincent L. Fish , Ed Fomalont , H. Alyson Ford , Raquel Fraga-Encinas , Per Friberg , Antonio Fuentes , Peter Galison , Charles F. Gammie , Roberto García , Zachary Gelles , Olivier Gentaz , Boris Georgiev , Roman Gold , Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz , Minfeng Gu , Mark Gurwell , Kazuhiro Hada , Daryl Haggard , Michael H. Hecht , Ronald Hesper , Elizabeth Himwich , Luis C. Ho , Paul Ho , Mareki Honma , Chih-Wei L. Huang , Lei Huang , David H. Hughes , Shiro Ikeda , Makoto Inoue , David J. James , Buell T. Jannuzi , Michael Janssen , Britton Jeter , Wu Jiang , Alejandra Jimenez-Rosales , Svetlana Jorstad , Taehyun Jung , Mansour Karami , Ramesh Karuppusamy , Tomohisa Kawashima , Garrett K. Keating , Mark Kettenis , Dong-Jin Kim , Jae-Young Kim , Jongsoo Kim , Motoki Kino , Yutaro Kofuji , Shoko Koyama , Michael Kramer , Carsten Kramer , Cheng-Yu Kuo , Tod R. Lauer , Sang-Sung Lee , Aviad Levis , Yan-Rong Li , Zhiyuan Li , Michael Lindqvist , Rocco Lico , Greg Lindahl , Kuo Liu , Wen-Ping Lo , Andrei P. Lobanov , Laurent Loinard , Colin Lonsdale , Ru-Sen Lu , Nicholas R. MacDonald , Jirong Mao , Nicola Marchili , Alan P. Marscher , Iván Martí-Vidal , Satoki Matsushita , Lynn D. Matthews , Lia Medeiros , Karl M. Menten , Izumi Mizuno , James M. Moran , Kotaro Moriyama , Monika Moscibrodzka , Gibwa Musoke , Alejandro Mus Mejías , Hiroshi Nagai , Neil M. Nagar , Masanori Nakamura , Ramesh Narayan , Gopal Narayanan , Iniyan Natarajan , Antonios Nathanail , Joey Neilsen , Roberto Neri , Aristeidis Noutsos , Michael A. Nowak , Hiroki Okino , Héctor Olivares , Gisela N. Ortiz-León , Tomoaki Oyama , Feryal Özel , Daniel C. M. Palumbo , Jongho Park , Nimesh Patel , Ue-Li Pen , Vincent Piétu , Richard Plambeck , Aleksandar PopStefanija , Oliver Porth , Felix M. Pötzl , Ben Prather , Jorge A. Preciado-López , Dimitrios Psaltis , Hung-Yi Pu , Ramprasad Rao , Mark G. Rawlings , Alexander W. Raymond , Luciano Rezzolla , Angelo Ricarte , Bart Ripperda , Alan Rogers , Mel Rose , Arash Roshanineshat , Helge Rottmann , Alan L. Roy , Chet Ruszczyk , Salvador Sánchez , David Sánchez-Arguelles , Mahito Sasada , Tuomas Savolainen , F. Peter Schloerb , Karl-Friedrich Schuster , Lijing Shao , Zhiqiang Shen , Des Small , Bong Won Sohn , Jason SooHoo , He Sun , Fumie Tazaki , Alexandra J. Tetarenko , Paul Tiede , Remo P. J. Tilanus , Michael Titus , Pablo Torne , Tyler Trent , Efthalia Traianou , Sascha Trippe , Huib Jan van Langevelde , Daniel R. van Rossum , Jan Wagner , Derek Ward-Thompson , John Wardle , Jonathan Weintroub , Norbert Wex , Robert Wharton , George N. Wong , Qingwen Wu , Doosoo Yoon , André Young , Ken Young , Ziri Younsi , Feng Yuan , Ye-Fei Yuan , J. Anton Zensus , Guang-Yao Zhao , Shan-Shan Zhao

Our understanding of strong gravity near supermassive compact objects has recently improved thanks to the measurements made by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). We use here the M87* shadow size to infer constraints on the physical charges…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-06-02 Prashant Kocherlakota , Luciano Rezzolla , Heino Falcke , Christian M. Fromm , Michael Kramer , Yosuke Mizuno , Antonios Nathanail , Hector Olivares , Ziri Younsi , Kazunori Akiyama , Antxon Alberdi , Walter Alef , Juan Carlos Algaba , Richard Anantua , Keiichi Asada , Rebecca Azulay , Anne-Kathrin Baczko , David Ball , Mislav Balokovic , John Barrett , Bradford A. Benson , Dan Bintley , Lindy Blackburn , Raymond Blundell , Wilfred Boland , Katherine L. Bouman , Geoffrey C. Bower , Hope Boyce , Michael Bremer , Christiaan D. Brinkerink , Roger Brissenden , Silke Britzen , Avery E. Broderick , Dominique Broguiere , Thomas Bronzwaer , Do-Young Byun , John E. Carlstrom , Andrew Chael , Chi-kwan Chan , Shami Chatterjee , Koushik Chatterjee , Ming-Tang Chen , Yongjun Chen , Paul M. Chesler , Ilje Cho , Pierre Christian , John E. Conway , James M. Cordes , Thomas M. Crawford , Geoffrey B. Crew , Alejandro Cruz-Osorio , Yuzhu Cui , Jordy Davelaar , Mariafelicia De Laurentis , Roger Deane , Jessica Dempsey , Gregory Desvignes , Sheperd S. Doeleman , Ralph P. Eatough , Joseph Farah , Vincent L. Fish , Ed Fomalont , Raquel Fraga-Encinas , Per Friberg , H. Alyson Ford , Antonio Fuentes , Peter Galison , Charles F. Gammie , Roberto Garcia , Olivier Gentaz , Boris Georgiev , Ciriaco Goddi , Roman Gold , Jose L. Gomez , Arturo I. Gomez-Ruiz , Minfeng Gu , Mark Gurwell , Kazuhiro Hada , Daryl Haggard , Michael H. Hecht , Ronald Hesper , Luis C. Ho , Paul Ho , Mareki Honma , Chih-Wei L. Huang , Lei Huang , David H. Hughes , Shiro Ikeda , Makoto Inoue , Sara Issaoun , David J. James , Buell T. Jannuzi , Michael Janssen , Britton Jeter , Wu Jiang , Alejandra Jimenez-Rosales , Michael D. Johnson , Svetlana Jorstad , Taehyun Jung , Mansour Karami , Ramesh Karuppusamy , Tomohisa Kawashima , Garrett K. Keating , Mark Kettenis , Dong-Jin Kim , Jae-Young Kim , Jongsoo Kim , Junhan Kim , Motoki Kino , Jun Yi Koay , Yutaro Kofuji , Patrick M. Koch , Shoko Koyama , Carsten Kramer , Thomas P. Krichbaum , Cheng-Yu Kuo , Tod R. Lauer , Sang-Sung Lee , Aviad Levis , Yan-Rong Li , Zhiyuan Li , Michael Lindqvist , Rocco Lico , Greg Lindahl , Jun Liu , Kuo Liu , Elisabetta Liuzzo , Wen-Ping Lo , Andrei P. Lobanov , Laurent Loinard , Colin Lonsdale , Ru-Sen Lu , Nicholas R. MacDonald , Jirong Mao , Nicola Marchili , Sera Markoff , Daniel P. Marrone , Alan P. Marscher , Ivan Marti-Vidal , Satoki Matsushita , Lynn D. Matthews , Lia Medeiros , Karl M. Menten , Izumi Mizuno , James M. Moran , Kotaro Moriyama , Monika Moscibrodzka , Cornelia Muller , Gibwa Musoke , Alejandro Mus Mejias , Hiroshi Nagai , Neil M. Nagar , Masanori Nakamura , Ramesh Narayan , Gopal Narayanan , Iniyan Natarajan , Joseph Neilsen , Roberto Neri , Chunchong Ni , Aristeidis Noutsos , Michael A. Nowak , Hiroki Okino , Gisela N. Ortiz-Leon , Tomoaki Oyama , Feryal Ozel , Daniel C. M. Palumbo , Jongho Park , Nimesh Patel , Ue-Li Pen , Dominic W. Pesce , Vincent Pietu , Richard Plambeck , Aleksandar PopStefanija , Oliver Porth , Felix M. Potzl , Ben Prather , Jorge A. Preciado-Lopez , Dimitrios Psaltis , Hung-Yi Pu , Venkatessh Ramakrishnan , Ramprasad Rao , Mark G. Rawlings , Alexander W. Raymond , Angelo Ricarte , Bart Ripperda , Freek Roelofs , Alan Rogers , Eduardo Ros , Mel Rose , Arash Roshanineshat , Helge Rottmann , Alan L. Roy , Chet Ruszczyk , Kazi L. J. Rygl , Salvador Sanchez , David Sanchez-Arguelles , Mahito Sasada , Tuomas Savolainen , F. Peter Schloerb , Karl-Friedrich Schuster , Lijing Shao , Zhiqiang Shen , Des Small , Bong Won Sohn , Jason SooHoo , He Sun , Fumie Tazaki , Alexandra J. Tetarenko , Paul Tiede , Remo P. J. Tilanus , Michael Titus , Kenji Toma , Pablo Torne , Tyler Trent , Efthalia Traianou , Sascha Trippe , Ilse van Bemmel , Huib Jan van Langevelde , Daniel R. van Rossum , Jan Wagner , Derek Ward-Thompson , John Wardle , Jonathan Weintroub , Norbert Wex , Robert Wharton , Maciek Wielgus , George N. Wong , Qingwen Wu , Doosoo Yoon , Andre Young , Ken Young , Feng Yuan , Ye-Fei Yuan , J. Anton Zensus , Guang-Yao Zhao , Shan-Shan Zhao , The EHT Collaboration

Recent observations of the supermassive black holes $ M87^{*} $ and Sgr A$^{*}$ by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) have sparked intensified interest in studying the optical appearance of black holes (BHs). Inspired by this, we carry out a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-14 Khadije Jafarzade , Zeynab Bazyar , Sara Saghafi , Kourosh Nozari