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Speculative decoding accelerates large language model (LLM) inference by using a lightweight draft model to propose tokens that are later verified by a stronger target model. While effective in centralized systems, its behavior in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jingwei Song , Wanyi Chen , Xinyuan Song , Max , Chris Tong , Gufeng Chen , Tianyi Zhao , Eric Yang , Bill Shi , Lynn Ai

Diffusion models (DMs) are a class of generative models that allow sampling from a distribution learned over a training set. When applied to solving inverse problems, the reverse sampling steps are modified to approximately sample from a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-27 Ismail Alkhouri , Shijun Liang , Cheng-Han Huang , Jimmy Dai , Qing Qu , Saiprasad Ravishankar , Rongrong Wang

Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DPMs) are powerful generative models that have achieved unparalleled success in a number of generative tasks. In this work, we aim to build inductive biases into the training and sampling of diffusion models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Thomas Jiralerspong , Berton Earnshaw , Jason Hartford , Yoshua Bengio , Luca Scimeca

We propose Delta Rectified Flow Sampling (DRFS), a novel inversion-free, path-aware editing framework within rectified flow models for text-to-image editing. DRFS is a distillation-based method that explicitly models the discrepancy between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Gaspard Beaudouin , Minghan Li , Jaeyeon Kim , Sung-Hoon Yoon , Mengyu Wang

This paper introduces Discrete Markov Probabilistic Models (DMPMs), a novel discrete diffusion algorithm for discrete data generation. The algorithm operates in discrete bit space, where the noising process is a continuous-time Markov chain…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-09 Le-Tuyet-Nhi Pham , Dario Shariatian , Antonio Ocello , Giovanni Conforti , Alain Durmus

Stepwise signals are ubiquitous in single-molecule detections, where abrupt changes in signal levels typically correspond to molecular conformational changes or state transitions. However, these features are inevitably obscured by noise,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-10 Xingdi Tong , Chenyu Wen

Discrete diffusion models based on continuous-time Markov chains (CTMCs) have shown strong performance on language and discrete data generation, yet existing approaches typically parameterize the reverse rate matrix monolithically --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Jingyuan Li , Xiaoyi Jiang , Fukang Wen , Wei Liu , Renqian Luo , Yi Zhu , Zuoqiang Shi , Pipi Hu

Diffusion models achieve strong generation quality, diversity, and distribution coverage, but their performance often comes with expensive inference. In this work, we propose Stochastic Transition-Map Distillation (STMD), a teacher-free…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 George Rapakoulias , Peter Garud , Lingjiong Zhu , Panagiotis Tsiotras

Learning to sample from complex unnormalized distributions over discrete domains emerged as a promising research direction with applications in statistical physics, variational inference, and combinatorial optimization. Recent work has…

We study the learning dynamics of a multi-pass, mini-batch Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) procedure for empirical risk minimization in high-dimensional multi-index models with isotropic random data. In an asymptotic regime where the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-19 Zhou Fan , Leda Wang

Diffusion-based Large Language Models (dLLMs) have emerged as a competitive alternative to autoregressive models, offering unique advantages through bidirectional attention and parallel generation paradigms. However, the generation results…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yifeng Gao , Ziang Ji , Yuxuan Wang , Biqing Qi , Hanlin Xu , Linfeng Zhang

This paper introduces a discrete diffusion model (DDM) framework for text-aligned speech tokenization and reconstruction. By replacing the auto-regressive speech decoder with a discrete diffusion counterpart, our model achieves…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-25 Pin-Jui Ku , He Huang , Jean-Marie Lemercier , Subham Sekhar Sahoo , Zhehuai Chen , Ante Jukić

The sampling of probability distributions specified up to a normalization constant is an important problem in both machine learning and statistical mechanics. While classical stochastic sampling methods such as Markov Chain Monte Carlo…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-27 Hao Wu , Jonas Köhler , Frank Noé

Diffusion-based generative models (DBGMs) perturb data to a target noise distribution and reverse this process to generate samples. The choice of noising process, or inference diffusion process, affects both likelihoods and sample quality.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Raghav Singhal , Mark Goldstein , Rajesh Ranganath

Continuous diffusion is a natural framework for non-autoregressive generation but has generally lagged behind masked discrete diffusion models (MDMs) on discrete sequence generation. We argue that the bottleneck is not continuity itself,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yunshu Wu , Jiayi Cheng , Longxuan Yu , Partha Thakuria , Rob Brekelmans , Evangelos E. Papalexakis , Greg Ver Steeg

Continuous diffusion is a natural framework for non-autoregressive generation but has generally lagged behind masked discrete diffusion models (MDMs) on discrete sequence generation. We argue that the bottleneck is not continuity itself,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yunshu Wu , Jiayi Cheng , Longxuan Yu , Partha Thakuria , Rob Brekelmans , Evangelos E. Papalexakis , Greg Ver Steeg

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in generating high-fidelity content but suffer from slow, iterative sampling, resulting in high latency that limits their use in interactive applications. We introduce DRiffusion, a parallel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Runsheng Bai , Chengyu Zhang , Yangdong Deng

Masked diffusion language models (MDLMs) promise fast, non-autoregressive text generation, yet existing samplers, which pick tokens to unmask based on model confidence, ignore interactions when unmasking multiple positions in parallel and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Omer Luxembourg , Haim Permuter , Eliya Nachmani

Stochastic Hybrid Systems (SHS) constitute an important class of mathematical models that integrate discrete stochastic events with continuous dynamics. The time evolution of statistical moments is generally not closed for SHS, in the sense…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-03-17 Mohammad Soltani , Abhyudai Singh

Transformer language models generate text autoregressively, making inference latency proportional to the number of tokens generated. Speculative decoding reduces this latency without sacrificing output quality, by leveraging a small draft…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Clara Mohri , Haim Kaplan , Tal Schuster , Yishay Mansour , Amir Globerson