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As the era of large language models (LLMs) unfolds, Preference Optimization (PO) methods have become a central approach to aligning LLMs with human preferences and improving performance. We propose Maximum a Posteriori Preference…

Batch prompting is a common technique in large language models (LLMs) used to process multiple inputs simultaneously, aiming to improve computational efficiency. However, as batch sizes increase, performance degradation often occurs due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Longyu Feng , Mengze Hong , Chen Jason Zhang

Prompts are the interface for eliciting the capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Understanding their structure and components is critical for analyzing LLM behavior and optimizing performance. However, the field lacks a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Sullam Jeoung , Yueyan Chen , Yi Zhang , Shuai Wang , Haibo Ding , Lin Lee Cheong

Highly effective, task-specific prompts are often heavily engineered by experts to integrate detailed instructions and domain insights based on a deep understanding of both instincts of large language models (LLMs) and the intricacies of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Xinyuan Wang , Chenxi Li , Zhen Wang , Fan Bai , Haotian Luo , Jiayou Zhang , Nebojsa Jojic , Eric P. Xing , Zhiting Hu

Synthetic data has become a cornerstone for scaling large language models, yet its multilingual use remains bottlenecked by translation-based prompts. This strategy inherits English-centric framing and style and neglects cultural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 David Mora , Viraat Aryabumi , Wei-Yin Ko , Sara Hooker , Julia Kreutzer , Marzieh Fadaee

Preference alignment is pivotal for empowering large language models (LLMs) to generate helpful and harmless responses. However, the performance of preference alignment is highly sensitive to the prevalent noise in the preference data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Xize Liang , Chao Chen , Shuang Qiu , Jie Wang , Yue Wu , Zhihang Fu , Zhihao Shi , Feng Wu , Jieping Ye

Since the adoption of large language models (LLMs) for text evaluation has become increasingly prevalent in the field of natural language processing (NLP), a series of existing works attempt to optimize the prompts for LLM evaluators to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Bosi Wen , Pei Ke , Yufei Sun , Cunxiang Wang , Xiaotao Gu , Jinfeng Zhou , Jie Tang , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

Due to their architecture and vast pre-training data, large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong text classification performance. However, LLM output - here, the category assigned to a text - depends heavily on the wording of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Kylie L. Anglin , Stephanie Milan , Brittney Hernandez , Claudia Ventura

Automated hyperparameter optimization (HPO) has gained great popularity and is an important ingredient of most automated machine learning frameworks. The process of designing HPO algorithms, however, is still an unsystematic and manual…

Combinatorial optimization problems are traditionally tackled with handcrafted heuristic algorithms, which demand extensive domain expertise and significant implementation effort. Recent progress has highlighted the potential of automatic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yihong Liu , Junyi Li , Wayne Xin Zhao , Hongyu Lu , Ji-Rong Wen

Hyperparameter optimization (HPO) is critical for enhancing the performance of machine learning models, yet it often involves a computationally intensive search across a large parameter space. Traditional approaches such as Grid Search and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Md. Tarek Hasan

Open-domain Relational Triplet Extraction (ORTE) is the foundation for mining structured knowledge without predefined schemas. Despite the impressive in-context learning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), existing methods are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Xiaonan Jing , Gongqing Wu , Xingrui Zhuo , Lang Sun , Jiapu Wang

Prompt engineering has proven to be a crucial step in leveraging pretrained large language models (LLMs) in solving various real-world tasks. Numerous solutions have been proposed that seek to automate prompt engineering by using the model…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) by automating traditional labor-intensive tasks and consequently accelerated the development of computer-aided applications. As researchers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Summra Saleem , Muhammad Nabeel Asim , Shaista Zulfiqar , Andreas Dengel

Recently, there has been significant interest in replacing the reward model in Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) methods for Large Language Models (LLMs), such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) and its variants. These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Jian Li , Haojing Huang , Yujia Zhang , Pengfei Xu , Xi Chen , Rui Song , Lida Shi , Jingwen Wang , Hao Xu

Prompt optimization aims to search for effective prompts that enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs). Although existing prompt optimization methods have discovered effective prompts, they often differ from sophisticated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Rin Ashizawa , Yoichi Hirose , Nozomu Yoshinari , Kento Uchida , Shinichi Shirakawa

Human preference alignment is critical in building powerful and reliable large language models (LLMs). However, current methods either ignore the multi-dimensionality of human preferences (e.g. helpfulness and harmlessness) or struggle with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Xingzhou Lou , Junge Zhang , Jian Xie , Lifeng Liu , Dong Yan , Kaiqi Huang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on many tasks. However, to achieve optimal performance, specially designed prompting methods are still needed. These methods either rely on task-specific few-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Haoxiang Guan , Jiyan He , Shuxin Zheng , En-Hong Chen , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various tasks by effectively utilizing a prompting strategy. However, they are highly sensitive to input perturbations, such as typographical errors or slight…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Lin Mu , Guowei Chu , Li Ni , Lei Sang , Yiwen Zhang

Prompting is a mainstream paradigm for adapting large language models to specific natural language processing tasks without modifying internal parameters. Therefore, detailed supplementary knowledge needs to be integrated into external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Kaiyan Chang , Songcheng Xu , Chenglong Wang , Yingfeng Luo , Xiaoqian Liu , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu
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