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Prompt Optimization has emerged as a crucial approach due to its capabilities in steering Large Language Models to solve various tasks. However, current works mainly rely on the random rewriting ability of LLMs, and the optimization process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Tao Tao , Guanghui Zhu , Lang Guo , Hongyi Chen , Chunfeng Yuan , Yihua Huang

Automatic Prompt Optimization (APO) is a powerful approach for extracting performance from large language models without modifying their weights. Many existing methods rely on trial-and-error, testing different prompts or in-context…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Mayank Singh , Vikas Yadav , Eduardo Blanco

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved great success across diverse tasks, and fine-tuning is sometimes needed to further enhance generation quality. Most existing methods rely on human supervision or parameter retraining, both of which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zhen-Yu Zhang , Jiandong Zhang , Huaxiu Yao , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

Prompt design plays a crucial role in text-to-video (T2V) generation, yet user-provided prompts are often short, unstructured, and misaligned with training data, limiting the generative potential of diffusion-based T2V models. We present…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Bingjie Gao , Qianli Ma , Xiaoxue Wu , Shuai Yang , Guanzhou Lan , Haonan Zhao , Jiaxuan Chen , Qingyang Liu , Yu Qiao , Xinyuan Chen , Yaohui Wang , Li Niu

Automatic prompt optimization has recently emerged as a strategy for improving the quality of prompts used in Large Language Models (LLMs), with the goal of generating more accurate and useful responses. However, most prior work focuses on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Juhyeon Lee , Wonduk Seo , Hyunjin An , Seunghyun Lee , Yi Bu

Prompt optimization aims to find the best prompt to a large language model (LLM) for a given task. LLMs have been successfully used to help find and improve prompt candidates for single-step tasks. However, realistic tasks for agents are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Yongchao Chen , Jacob Arkin , Yilun Hao , Yang Zhang , Nicholas Roy , Chuchu Fan

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great progress in responding to user questions, allowing for a multitude of diverse applications. Yet, the quality of LLM outputs heavily depends on the prompt design, where a good prompt might enable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Yuchi Liu , Jaskirat Singh , Gaowen Liu , Ali Payani , Liang Zheng

Prompt engineering has made significant contributions to the era of large language models, yet its effectiveness depends on the skills of a prompt author. This paper introduces $\textit{iPrOp}$, a novel interactive prompt optimization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Jiahui Li , Roman Klinger

While prompt optimization has emerged as a critical technique for enhancing language model performance, existing approaches primarily focus on elicitation-based strategies that search for optimal prompts to activate models' capabilities.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yunzhe Xu , Zhuosheng Zhang , Zhe Liu

In recent years, the use of prompts to guide the output of Large Language Models have increased dramatically. However, even the best of experts struggle to choose the correct words to stitch up a prompt for the desired task. To solve this,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Yash Jain , Vishal Chowdhary

Vision-language models (VLMs) have made significant progress in image classification by training with large-scale paired image-text data. Their performances largely depend on the prompt quality. While recent methods show that visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Xiangyan Qu , Gaopeng Gou , Jiamin Zhuang , Jing Yu , Kun Song , Qihao Wang , Yili Li , Gang Xiong

Momentum-Aided Prompt Optimization (MAPO) enhances the efficiency and efficacy of prompt optimization for Large Language Models (LLMs). Building on ProTeGi, MAPO uses positive natural language "gradients" and a momentum-based extension to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Anthony Cui , Pranav Nandyalam , Andrew Rufail , Ethan Cheung , Aiden Lei , Kevin Zhu , Sean O'Brien

Prompt engineering is crucial for effective interaction with generative artificial intelligence systems, yet existing optimisation methods often operate over an unstructured and vast prompt space, leading to high computational costs and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Devika Prasad , Luke Gerschwitz , Tong Li , Henry Xiao , Anjin Liu , Coco Wu , Anna Leontjeva , Luiz Pizzato

Hierarchical Instruction Following (HIF) refers to the problem of prompting large language models with a priority-ordered stack of instructions. Standard methods like RLHF and DPO typically fail in this problem since they mainly optimize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Keru Chen , Jun Luo , Sen Lin , Yingbin Liang , Alvaro Velasquez , Nathaniel Bastian , Shaofeng Zou

Prompt engineering is effective but labor-intensive, motivating automated optimization methods. Existing methods typically require labeled datasets, which are often unavailable, and produce verbose, repetitive prompts. We introduce PrefPO,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Rahul Singhal , Pradyumna Tambwekar , Karime Maamari

Automated prompt optimization (APO) aims to improve large language model performance by refining prompt instructions. However, existing methods are largely constrained by fixed prompt templates, limited search spaces, or single-sided…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Kewen Zhu , Liping Yi , Zhiming Zhao , Xiang Li , Qinghua Hu

Automatic prompt optimization is an important approach to improving the performance of large language models (LLMs). Recent research demonstrates the potential of using LLMs as prompt optimizers, which can generate improved task prompts via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Xinyu Tang , Xiaolei Wang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Siyuan Lu , Yaliang Li , Ji-Rong Wen

Reward-based alignment methods for large language models (LLMs) face two key limitations: vulnerability to reward hacking, where models exploit flaws in the reward signal; and reliance on brittle, labor-intensive prompt engineering when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zae Myung Kim , Chanwoo Park , Vipul Raheja , Suin Kim , Dongyeop Kang

Prompt learning has become a prevalent strategy for adapting vision-language foundation models to downstream tasks. As large language models (LLMs) have emerged, recent studies have explored the use of category-related descriptions as input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Yubin Wang , Xinyang Jiang , De Cheng , Dongsheng Li , Cairong Zhao

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is an effective framework for aligning large language models with human preferences, but it struggles with complex reasoning tasks. DPO optimizes for the likelihood of generating preferred over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Darsh Kachroo , Adriana Caraeni , Arjun Prasaath Anbazhagan , Brennan Lagasse , Kevin Zhu