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In conversational search systems, a key component is to determine and clarify the intent behind complex queries. We view intent clarification in light of the exploratory search paradigm, where users, through an iterative, evolving process…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Maik Larooij

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse natural language processing tasks, aligning these models with varying human preferences across multiple objectives remains a significant challenge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Biao Liu , Ning Xu , Junming Yang , Xin Geng

While Language Agents have achieved promising success by placing Large Language Models at the core of a more versatile design that dynamically interacts with the external world, the existing approaches neglect the notion of uncertainty…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Jiuzhou Han , Wray Buntine , Ehsan Shareghi

While astonishingly capable, large Language Models (LLM) can sometimes produce outputs that deviate from human expectations. Such deviations necessitate an alignment phase to prevent disseminating untruthful, toxic, or biased information.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Long Tan Le , Han Shu , Tung-Anh Nguyen , Choong Seon Hong , Nguyen H. Tran

Reliable reward models (RMs) are critical for ensuring the safe alignment of large language models (LLMs). However, current RM evaluation methods focus solely on preference perception accuracies in given specific scenarios, obscuring the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Jianxiang Zang , Yongda Wei , Ruxue Bai , Shiyu Jiang , Nijia Mo , Binhong Li , Qiang Sun , Hui Liu

Preference alignment in Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly improved their ability to adhere to human instructions and intentions. However, existing direct alignment algorithms primarily focus on relative preferences and often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Shenao Zhang , Zhihan Liu , Boyi Liu , Yufeng Zhang , Yingxiang Yang , Yongfei Liu , Liyu Chen , Tao Sun , Zhaoran Wang

Recovering and distinguishing between the strict-preference, indifference and/or indecisiveness parts of a decision maker's preferences is a challenging task but also important for testing theory and conducting welfare analysis. This paper…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-09-15 Georgios Gerasimou

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly store user preferences in persistent memory to support personalization across interactions. However, in third-party communication settings governed by social and institutional norms, some user…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Sangyeon Yoon , Sunkyoung Kim , Hyesoo Hong , Wonje Jeung , Yongil Kim , Wooseok Seo , Heuiyeen Yeen , Albert No

LLM-based shopping agents increasingly rely on long purchase histories and multi-turn interactions for personalization, yet naively appending raw history to prompts is often ineffective due to noise, length, and relevance mismatch. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Zhiyuan Peng , Xuyang Wu , Huaixiao Tou , Yi Fang , Yu Gong

Speech impairments resulting from congenital disorders, such as cerebral palsy, down syndrome, or apert syndrome, as well as acquired brain injuries due to stroke, traumatic accidents, or tumors, present major challenges to automatic speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Niclas Pokel , Pehuén Moure , Roman Boehringer , Shih-Chii Liu , Yingqiang Gao

We study the problem of eliciting the preferences of a decision-maker through a moderate number of pairwise comparison queries to make them a high quality recommendation for a specific problem. We are motivated by applications in high…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-12-09 Phebe Vayanos , Yingxiao Ye , Duncan McElfresh , John Dickerson , Eric Rice

Large Language Models (LLMs) have quickly become an invaluable assistant for a variety of tasks. However, their effectiveness is constrained by their ability to tailor responses to human preferences and behaviors via personalization. Prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Lucie Charlotte Magister , Katherine Metcalf , Yizhe Zhang , Maartje ter Hoeve

We tackle the challenge of integrating large language models (LLMs) with external recommender systems to enhance domain expertise in conversational recommendation (CRS). Current LLM-based CRS approaches primarily rely on zero/few-shot…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Chuang Li , Weida Liang , Hengchang Hu , See-Kiong Ng , Min-Yen Kan , Haizhou Li , Yang Deng

Direct alignment methods are increasingly used for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. However, these methods suffer from the issues of verbosity and likelihood displacement, which can be driven by the noisy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Peter Chen , Xi Chen , Wotao Yin , Tianyi Lin

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in various tasks but often fail to handle queries that exceed their knowledge and capabilities, leading to incorrect or fabricated responses. This paper addresses the need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Wenbo Zhang , Zihang Xu , Hengrui Cai

Algorithmic Recourse (AR) is the problem of computing a sequence of actions that -- once performed by a user -- overturns an undesirable machine decision. It is paramount that the sequence of actions does not require too much effort for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Giovanni De Toni , Paolo Viappiani , Stefano Teso , Bruno Lepri , Andrea Passerini

As machine learning continues to gain prominence, transparency and explainability are increasingly critical. Without an understanding of these models, they can replicate and worsen human bias, adversely affecting marginalized communities.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Dongwhi Kim , Nuno Moniz

Weighted abduction computes hypotheses that explain input observations. A reasoner of weighted abduction first generates possible hypotheses and then selects the hypothesis that is the most plausible. Since a reasoner employs parameters,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Shota Motoura , Ayako Hoshino , Itaru Hosomi , Kunihiko Sadamasa

Heuristics and cognitive biases are an integral part of human decision-making. Automatically detecting a particular cognitive bias could enable intelligent tools to provide better decision-support. Detecting the presence of a cognitive bias…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Stephen Pilli

As search depth increases in autonomous reasoning and embodied planning, candidate action spaces expand exponentially, often exhausting computational budgets. While heuristic pruning is a critical countermeasure, existing approaches lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Tianhao Qian
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