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The first stars ended the cosmic Dark Ages and created the first heavy elements necessary for the formation of planets and life. The properties of these stars remain uncertain, and it may be decades before individual Pop III stars are…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Daniel J. Whalen , Chris L. Fryer , Daniel E. Holz , Alexander Heger , S. E. Woosley , Massimo Stiavelli , Wesley Even , Lucille L. Frey

The first JWST data revealed an unexpected population of red galaxies that appear to have redshifts of $z\sim 7-9$ and high masses of $M_*$ $\sim$ 10$^{10}$ M$_{\odot}$ (Labb\'e et al. 2023). Here we fit S\'ersic profiles to the F200W…

Recent observations have gathered a considerable sample of high redshift galaxy candidates and determined the evolution of their luminosity function (LF). To interpret these findings, we use cosmological SPH simulations including, in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 R. Salvaterra , A. Ferrara , P. Dayal

A rare class of `super-luminous' supernovae that are about ten or more times more luminous at their peaks than other types of luminous supernovae has recently been found at low to intermediate redshifts. A small subset of these events have…

We explore a technique for identifying the highest redshift (z>4) sources in Herschel/SPIRE and BLAST submillimeter surveys by localizing the position of the far-infrared dust peak. Just as Spitzer/IRAC was used to identify stellar `bump'…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Alexandra Pope , Ranga-Ram Chary

JWST has identified some of the Universe's earliest galaxies, repeatedly pushing the frontier to ever higher redshifts and stellar masses. The presence of such extreme galaxies at such early times, with large stellar populations and high…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-11-24 Joe McCaffrey , Samantha Hardin , John H. Wise , John A. Regan

The James Webb Space Telescope continues to push back the redshift frontier to ever earlier cosmic epochs, with recent announcements of galaxy candidates at redshifts of $15 \lesssim z \lesssim 30$. We leverage the recent GUREFT suite of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-29 L. Y. Aaron Yung , Rachel S. Somerville , Kartheik G. Iyer

In this work we estimate the explosion and progenitor properties of six Type II supernovae (SNe) at 0.675 <= z <= 3.61 discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) transient survey by…

Recent simulations of the formation of the first luminous objects in the universe predict isolated very massive stars to form in dark matter halos with virial temperatures large enough to allow significant amounts of molecular hydrogen to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 John H. Wise , Tom Abel

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) discovered several luminous high-redshift galaxy candidates with stellar masses of $M_{*} \gtrsim 10^{9} \, \rm{M_{\odot}}$ at photometric redshifts $z_{\mathrm{phot}} \gtrsim 10$ which allows to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-11-30 Moritz Haslbauer , Pavel Kroupa , Akram Hasani Zonoozi , Hosein Haghi

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is expected to observe galaxies at $z>10$ that are presently inaccessible. Here, we use a self-consistent empirical model, the UniverseMachine, to generate mock galaxy catalogues and lightcones over the…

We report a robust sample of 10 massive quiescent galaxies at redshift, $z > 3$, selected using the first data from the JWST CEERS programme. Three of these galaxies are at $4 < z < 5$, constituting the best evidence to date for quiescent…

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has revealed extremely distant galaxies at unprecedentedly early cosmic epochs from its deep imaging using the technique of photometric redshift estimation, with its subsequent spectroscopy confirming…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-10-04 Stephen Serjeant , Tom J. L. C. Bakx

Pair-instability supernovae (PISNe) have crucial implications for many astrophysical topics, including the search for very massive stars, the black hole mass spectrum, and galaxy chemical enrichment. To this end, we need to understand where…

Early photometric results from JWST have revealed a number of galaxy candidates above redshift 10. The initial estimates of inferred stellar masses and the associated cosmic star formation rates are above most theoretical model predictions…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-09-04 Corey Brummel-Smith , Danielle Skinner , Snigdaa S. Sethuram , John H. Wise , Bin Xia , Khushi Taori

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is challenging our understanding of the nature of the very first galaxies in the Universe, having discovered a surprising abundance of very massive galaxies in early cosmic epochs. By applying a model…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-04-03 Maria Emilia De Rossi , Volker Bromm

We report the discovery of four galaxy candidates observed 450 - 600 Myr after the Big Bang with photometric redshifts between z ~ 8.3 - 10.2 measured using the JWST NIRCam imaging of the galaxy cluster WHL0137-08 observed in 8 filters…