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LLM-based agents have demonstrated great potential in generating and managing code within complex codebases. In this paper, we introduce WebGen-Bench, a novel benchmark designed to measure an LLM-based agent's ability to create multi-file…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Zimu Lu , Yunqiao Yang , Houxing Ren , Haotian Hou , Han Xiao , Ke Wang , Weikang Shi , Aojun Zhou , Mingjie Zhan , Hongsheng Li

As AI agents leave the lab and venture into the real world as autonomous vehicles, delivery robots, and cooking robots, it is increasingly necessary to design and comprehensively evaluate algorithms that tackle the ``open-world''. To this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-09 Shivam Goel , Yichen Wei , Panagiotis Lymperopoulos , Klara Chura , Matthias Scheutz , Jivko Sinapov

We present lilGym, a new benchmark for language-conditioned reinforcement learning in visual environments. lilGym is based on 2,661 highly-compositional human-written natural language statements grounded in an interactive visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Anne Wu , Kianté Brantley , Noriyuki Kojima , Yoav Artzi

The progress of autonomous web navigation has been hindered by the dependence on billions of exploratory interactions via online reinforcement learning, and domain-specific model designs that make it difficult to leverage generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Hiroki Furuta , Kuang-Huei Lee , Ofir Nachum , Yutaka Matsuo , Aleksandra Faust , Shixiang Shane Gu , Izzeddin Gur

Recent advances at the intersection of reinforcement learning (RL) and visual intelligence have enabled agents that not only perceive complex visual scenes but also reason, generate, and act within them. This survey offers a critical and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Weijia Wu , Chen Gao , Joya Chen , Kevin Qinghong Lin , Qingwei Meng , Yiming Zhang , Yuke Qiu , Hong Zhou , Mike Zheng Shou

Modeling and controlling fluid flows is critical for several fields of science and engineering, including transportation, energy, and medicine. Effective flow control can lead to, e.g., lift increase, drag reduction, mixing enhancement, and…

Compiling a quantum circuit for specific quantum hardware is a challenging task. Moreover, current quantum computers have severe hardware limitations. To make the most use of the limited resources, the compilation process should be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-08 Stan van der Linde , Willem de Kok , Tariq Bontekoe , Sebastian Feld

Completing paperwork is a challenging and time-consuming problem. Form filling is especially challenging in the pure-image domain without access to OCR, typeset PDF text, or a DOM. For computer agents, it requires multiple abilities,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Matthew Toles , Rattandeep Singh , Isaac Song , Zhou Yu

With the advent of AI agents, automatic scientific discovery has become a tenable goal. Many recent works scaffold agentic systems that can perform machine learning research, but don't offer a principled way to train such agents -- and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Ziyang Cai , Harkirat Behl

Training Vision-Language Models (VLMs) for Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) agents via Reinforcement Learning (RL) faces critical challenges: environment-based RL requires costly interactions, while environment-free methods struggle with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Jiani Zheng , Lu Wang , Fangkai Yang , Chaoyun Zhang , Lingrui Mei , Wenjie Yin , Qingwei Lin , Dongmei Zhang , Saravan Rajmohan , Qi Zhang

A/B testing remains the gold standard for evaluating modifications to e-commerce storefronts, yet it diverts traffic, requires weeks to reach statistical significance, and risks degrading user experience. We present SimGym, a framework for…

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents show strong capabilities for automating web tasks, but existing interactive benchmarks primarily target benign, predictable consumer environments. Their effectiveness in high-stakes, investigative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Renqi Chen , Zeyin Tao , Jianming Guo , Jing Wang , Zezhou Xu , Jingzhe Zhu , Qingqing Sun , Tianyi Zhang , Shuai Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are transforming web search by shifting from document ranking to synthesizing answers, and are increasingly deployed as autonomous agentic search systems that iteratively interact with external knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Guangzhi Xiong , Qiao Jin , Xiao Wang , Yin Fang , Haolin Liu , Yifan Yang , Fangyuan Chen , Zhixing Song , Dengyu Wang , Minjia Zhang , Zhiyong Lu , Aidong Zhang

Recent studies have uncovered the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in addressing complex sequential decision-making tasks through the provision of high-level instructions. However, LLM-based agents lack specialization in tackling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Zihao Zhou , Bin Hu , Chenyang Zhao , Pu Zhang , Bin Liu

Driven by inherent uncertainty and the sim-to-real gap, robust reinforcement learning (RL) seeks to improve resilience against the complexity and variability in agent-environment sequential interactions. Despite the existence of a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Shangding Gu , Laixi Shi , Muning Wen , Ming Jin , Eric Mazumdar , Yuejie Chi , Adam Wierman , Costas Spanos

We introduce controlgym, a library of thirty-six industrial control settings, and ten infinite-dimensional partial differential equation (PDE)-based control problems. Integrated within the OpenAI Gym/Gymnasium (Gym) framework, controlgym…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-25 Xiangyuan Zhang , Weichao Mao , Saviz Mowlavi , Mouhacine Benosman , Tamer Başar

We present a scalable pipeline for automatically generating high-quality training data for web agents. In particular, a major challenge in identifying high-quality training instances is trajectory evaluation - quantifying how much progress…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Lajanugen Logeswaran , Jaekyeom Kim , Sungryull Sohn , Creighton Glasscock , Honglak Lee

Recent advances in large language models have improved the capabilities of coding agents, yet systematic evaluation of complex, end-to-end website development remains limited. To address this gap, we introduce Vision2Web, a hierarchical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Zehai He , Wenyi Hong , Zhen Yang , Ziyang Pan , Mingdao Liu , Xiaotao Gu , Jie Tang

In recent years, \emph{Reinforcement Learning} (RL) has made remarkable progress, achieving superhuman performance in a wide range of simulated environments. As research moves toward deploying RL in real-world applications, the field faces…

Online reinforcement learning in complex tasks is time-consuming, as massive interaction steps are needed to learn the optimal Q-function.Vision-language action (VLA) policies represent a promising direction for solving diverse tasks;…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Xiefeng Wu , Jing Zhao , Shu Zhang , Mingyu Hu