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Purpose: Recent developments in computational pathology have been driven by advances in Vision Foundation Models, particularly the Segment Anything Model (SAM). This model facilitates nuclei segmentation through two primary methods:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Xueyuan Li , Can Cui , Ruining Deng , Yucheng Tang , Quan Liu , Tianyuan Yao , Shunxing Bao , Naweed Chowdhury , Haichun Yang , Yuankai Huo

Topology is critical in tubular structures such as blood vessels, nerve fibers, and road networks, where connectivity and loop structure govern downstream functional analysis. Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are promising candidates for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Meilong Xu , Qingqiao Hu , Xiaoling Hu , Shahira Abousamra , Xin Yu , Weimin Lyu , Kehan Qi , Dimitris Samaras , Chao Chen

Medical image processing usually requires a model trained with carefully crafted datasets due to unique image characteristics and domain-specific challenges, especially in pathology. Primitive detection and segmentation in digitized tissue…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Abu Bakor Hayat Arnob , Xiangxue Wang , Yiping Jiao , Xiao Gan , Wenlong Ming , Jun Xu

Deep segmentation networks achieve high performance when trained on specific datasets. However, in clinical practice, it is often desirable that pretrained segmentation models can be dynamically extended to enable segmenting new organs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Vince Zhu , Zhanghexuan Ji , Dazhou Guo , Puyang Wang , Yingda Xia , Le Lu , Xianghua Ye , Wei Zhu , Dakai Jin

Segment anything model (SAM) has emerged as the leading approach for zero-shot learning in segmentation tasks, offering the advantage of avoiding pixel-wise annotations. It is particularly appealing in medical image segmentation, where the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-29 Ziyi Huang , Hongshan Liu , Haofeng Zhang , Xueshen Li , Haozhe Liu , Fuyong Xing , Andrew Laine , Elsa Angelini , Christine Hendon , Yu Gan

Fine-tuning large-scale pre-trained models with limited data presents significant challenges for generalization. While Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) has proven effective in improving generalization by seeking flat minima, its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yuhang Liu , Tao Li , Zhehao Huang , Zuopeng Yang , Xiaolin Huang

The anatomical structure segmentation of the spine and adjacent structures from computed tomography (CT) images is a key step for spinal disease diagnosis and treatment. However, the segmentation of CT images is impeded by low contrast and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Jiaming Liu , Dingwei Fan , Junyong Zhao , Chunlin Li , Haipeng Si , Liang Sun

Robotic perception in unstructured environments remains challenging despite the zero-shot capabilities of foundation models such as SAM. This work attributes performance degradation to non-uniform representation shifts across transformer…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Wenhui Chu

Vision foundation models have achieved remarkable progress across various image analysis tasks. In the image segmentation task, foundation models like the Segment Anything Model (SAM) enable generalizable zero-shot segmentation through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Xingxin He , Yifan Hu , Zhaoye Zhou , Mohamed Jarraya , Fang Liu

The semantic segmentation task in pathology plays an indispensable role in assisting physicians in determining the condition of tissue lesions. With the proposal of Segment Anything Model (SAM), more and more foundation models have seen…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-05 Mingya Zhang , Liang Wang , Zhihao Chen , Yiyuan Ge , Xianping Tao

Leveraging the Segment Anything Model (SAM) for medical image segmentation remains challenging due to its limited adaptability across diverse medical domains. Although fine-tuned variants, such as MedSAM, improve performance in scenarios…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Jianghao Wu , Yicheng Wu , Yutong Xie , Wenjia Bai , You Zhang , Feilong Tang , Yulong Li , Imran Razzak , Daniel F Schmidt , Yasmeen George

Accurate segmentation of cell nuclei in histopathology images is essential for numerous biomedical research and clinical applications. However, existing cell nucleus segmentation methods only consider a single dataset (i.e., primary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Jiahe Qian , Yaoyu Fang , Jinkui Hao , Bo Zhou

Gliomas are aggressive brain tumors that require accurate imaging-based diagnosis, with segmentation playing a critical role in evaluating morphology and treatment decisions. Manual delineation of gliomas is time-consuming and prone to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-02 Cecilia Diana-Albelda , Roberto Alcover-Couso , Álvaro García-Martín , Jesus Bescos , Marcos Escudero-Viñolo

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) seeks the minima with a flat loss landscape to improve the generalization performance in machine learning tasks, including fine-tuning. However, its extra parameter perturbation step doubles the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Yifei Cheng , Xianglin Yang , Guoxia Wang , Chao Huang , Fei Ma , Dianhai Yu , Xiaochun Cao , Li Shen

Topological consistency plays a crucial role in the task of boundary segmentation for reticular images, such as cell membrane segmentation in neuron electron microscopic images, grain boundary segmentation in material microscopic images and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Chuni Liu , Boyuan Ma , Xiaojuan Ban , Yujie Xie , Hao Wang , Weihua Xue , Jingchao Ma , Ke Xu

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) has demonstrated strong performance in image segmentation of natural scene images. However, its effectiveness diminishes markedly when applied to specific scientific domains, such as Scanning Probe…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Yao Shen , Ziwei Wei , Chunmeng Liu , Shuming Wei , Qi Zhao , Kaiyang Zeng , Guangyao Li

Semantic segmentation is a significant perception task in autonomous driving. It suffers from the risks of adversarial examples. In the past few years, deep learning has gradually transitioned from convolutional neural network (CNN) models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Jun Yan , Pengyu Wang , Danni Wang , Weiquan Huang , Daniel Watzenig , Huilin Yin

Segment Anything (SAM) has recently pushed the boundaries of segmentation by demonstrating zero-shot generalization and flexible prompting after training on over one billion masks. Despite this, its mask prediction accuracy often falls…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zezhong Fan , Xiaohan Li , Topojoy Biswas , Kaushiki Nag , Kannan Achan

Remote sensing solutions for avalanche segmentation and mapping are key to supporting risk forecasting and mitigation in mountain regions. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery from Sentinel-1 can be effectively used for this task, but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Riccardo Gelato , Carlo Sgaravatti , Jakob Grahn , Giacomo Boracchi , Filippo Maria Bianchi

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) has achieved remarkable successes in the realm of natural image segmentation, but its deployment in the medical imaging sphere has encountered challenges. Specifically, the model struggles with medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Shreyank N Gowda , David A. Clifton