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The EM algorithm is one of the most popular algorithm for inference in latent data models. The original formulation of the EM algorithm does not scale to large data set, because the whole data set is required at each iteration of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-29 Belhal Karimi , Hoi-To Wai , Eric Moulines , Marc Lavielle

We introduce an optimization model for maximum likelihood-type estimation (M-estimation) that generalizes a large class of existing statistical models, including Huber's concomitant M-estimator, Owen's Huber/Berhu concomitant estimator, the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-10-09 Patrick L. Combettes , Christian L. Müller

The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is a fundamental tool in unsupervised machine learning. It is often used as an efficient way to solve Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation problems, especially for models with latent variables. It…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-08 Iordanis Kerenidis , Alessandro Luongo , Anupam Prakash

The Expectation--Maximization Maximum Likelihood (EMML) algorithm belongs to the Expectation--Maximization family and is widely used for image reconstruction problems under Poisson noise.In this paper, we reinterpret EMML as a mirror…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-20 Antonin Clerc , Ségolène Martin , Nicolas Papadakis , Gabriele Steidl

This paper addresses the estimation of parameters of a Bayesian network from incomplete data. The task is usually tackled by running the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm several times in order to obtain a high log-likelihood…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Giorgio Corani , Cassio P. De Campos

We present an algorithm based on continuation techniques that can be applied to solve numerically minimization problems with equality constraints. We focus on problems with a great number of local minima which are hard to obtain by local…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-09-17 Elisabete Alberdi , Mikel Antoñana , Joseba Makazaga , Ander Murua

The proximal point algorithm is a widely used tool for solving a variety of convex optimization problems such as finding zeros of maximally monotone operators, fixed points of nonexpansive mappings, as well as minimizing convex functions.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-04-19 Laurentiu Leustean , Adriana Nicolae , Andrei Sipos

We develop a system-theoretic framework for the structured analysis of distributed optimization algorithms with decomposable cost functions. We model such algorithms as a network of interacting dynamical systems and derive tests for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Aron Karakai , Jaap Eising , Andrea Martinelli , Florian Dörfler

Decentralized optimization is a powerful paradigm that finds applications in engineering and learning design. This work studies decentralized composite optimization problems with non-smooth regularization terms. Most existing gradient-based…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-29 Sulaiman A. Alghunaim , Kun Yuan , Ali H. Sayed

The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is a widely used method for maximum likelihood estimation in models with latent variables. For estimating mixtures of Gaussians, its iteration can be viewed as a soft version of the k-means…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-06-06 Constantinos Daskalakis , Christos Tzamos , Manolis Zampetakis

We prove novel convergence results for a stochastic proximal gradient algorithm suitable for solving a large class of convex optimization problems, where a convex objective function is given by the sum of a smooth and a possibly non-smooth…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-08-11 Lorenzo Rosasco , Silvia Villa , Bang Công Vũ

The Expectation Maximisation (EM) algorithm is widely used to optimise non-convex likelihood functions with latent variables. Many authors modified its simple design to fit more specific situations. For instance, the Expectation (E) step…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-03 Thomas Lartigue , Stanley Durrleman , Stéphanie Allassonnière

The EM algorithm is a novel numerical method to obtain maximum likelihood estimates and is often used for practical calculations. However, many of maximum likelihood estimation problems are nonconvex, and it is known that the EM algorithm…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-08-16 Hideyuki Miyahara , Koji Tsumura

The Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm is widely used as an iterative modification to maximum likelihood estimation when the data is incomplete. We focus on a semi-supervised case to learn the model from labeled and unlabeled samples.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Erixhen Sula , Lizhong Zheng

This paper introduces a general framework for iterative optimization algorithms and establishes under general assumptions that their convergence is asymptotically geometric. We also prove that under appropriate assumptions, the rate of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-27 Randal Douc , Sylvain Le Corff

We show that a large class of Estimation of Distribution Algorithms, including, but not limited to, Covariance Matrix Adaption, can be written as a Monte Carlo Expectation-Maximization algorithm, and as exact EM in the limit of infinite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 David H. Brookes , Akosua Busia , Clara Fannjiang , Kevin Murphy , Jennifer Listgarten

The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm (Dempster, Laird and Rubin, 1977) is a popular method for computing maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) in problems with missing data. Each iteration of the al- gorithm formally consists of an…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-06-22 Ronald C. Neath

In this paper, we analyze the celebrated EM algorithm from the point of view of proximal point algorithms. More precisely, we study a new type of generalization of the EM procedure introduced in \cite{Chretien&Hero:98} and called…

Computation · Statistics 2012-01-31 Stéphane Chrétien , Alfred O. Hero

The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm introduced by Dempster et al in 1977 is a very general method to solve maximum likelihood estimation problems. In this informal report, we review the theory behind EM as well as a number of EM…

Computation · Statistics 2012-09-10 Alexis Roche

In this paper, we study convergence properties of the gradient Expectation-Maximization algorithm \cite{lange1995gradient} for Gaussian Mixture Models for general number of clusters and mixing coefficients. We derive the convergence rate…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-12-05 Bowei Yan , Mingzhang Yin , Purnamrita Sarkar