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Autonomous vehicles (AV) look set to become common on our roads within the next few years. However, to achieve the final breakthrough, not only functional progress is required, but also satisfactory safety assurance must be provided. Among…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Peter Popov , Lorenzo Strigini , Cornelius Buerkle , Fabian Oboril , Michael Paulitsch

Scientific testing techniques are essential for ensuring the safe operation of autonomous vehicles (AVs), with high-risk, highly interactive scenarios being a primary focus. To address the limitations of existing testing methods, such as…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Yicheng Guo , Chengkai Xu , Jiaqi Liu , Hao Zhang , Peng Hang , Jian Sun

Automated vehicles (AVs) are of great potential in reducing crashes on the road. However, it is still complicated to eliminate all the possible accidents, especially those with vulnerable road users (VRUs), who are among the greater risk…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Aditya Deshmukh , Zifei Wang , Aaron Gunn , Huizhong Guo , Rini Sherony , Fred Feng , Brian Lin , Shan Bao , Feng Zhou

Testing and validating Autonomous Vehicle (AV) performance in safety-critical and diverse scenarios is crucial before real-world deployment. However, manually creating such scenarios in simulation remains a significant and time-consuming…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Efimia Panagiotaki , Georgi Pramatarov , Lars Kunze , Daniele De Martini

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are prone to revolutionise the transportation industry. However, they must be thoroughly tested to avoid safety violations. Simulation testing plays a crucial role in finding safety violations of Automated Driving…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Victor Crespo-Rodriguez , Neelofar , Aldeida Aleti

This paper focuses on safety performance testing and characterization of black-box highly automated vehicles (HAV). Existing testing approaches typically obtain the testing outcomes by deploying the HAV into a specific testing environment.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Minghao Zhu , Anmol Sidhu , Keith A. Redmill

Intelligent mechanisms implemented in autonomous vehicles, such as proactive driving assist and collision alerts, reduce traffic accidents. However, verifying their correct functionality is difficult due to complex interactions with the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Diego Ortiz Barbosa , Luis Burbano , Carlos Hernandez , Zengxiang Lei , Younghee Park , Satish Ukkusuri , Alvaro A Cardenas

Autonomous vehicles have the potential to lower the accident rate when compared to human driving. Moreover, it is the driving force of the automated vehicles' rapid development over the last few years. In the higher Society of Automotive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Dhanoop Karunakaran , Julie Stephany Berrio , Stewart Worrall , Eduardo Nebot

Developing autonomous vehicles that can safely interact with pedestrians requires large amounts of pedestrian and vehicle data in order to learn accurate pedestrian-vehicle interaction models. However, gathering data that include crucial…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Kenta Mukoya , Erica Weng , Rohan Choudhury , Kris Kitani

Trajectory prediction is a key element of autonomous vehicle systems, enabling them to anticipate and react to the movements of other road users. Evaluating the robustness of prediction models against adversarial attacks is essential to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Julian F. Schumann , Jeroen Hagenus , Frederik Baymler Mathiesen , Arkady Zgonnikov

Autonomous driving has been the subject of increased interest in recent years both in industry and in academia. Serious efforts are being pursued to address legal, technical and logistical problems and make autonomous cars a viable option…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-31 Nan Li , Dave Oyler , Mengxuan Zhang , Yildiray Yildiz , Ilya Kolmanovsky , Anouck Girard

Reliable pedestrian crash avoidance mitigation (PCAM) systems are crucial components of safe autonomous vehicles (AVs). The nature of the vehicle-pedestrian interaction where decisions of one agent directly affect the other agent's optimal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Raphael Trumpp , Harald Bayerlein , David Gesbert

This work introduces interactive traffic scenarios in the CARLA simulator, which are based on real-world traffic. We concentrate on tactical tasks lasting several seconds, which are especially challenging for current control methods. The…

In autonomous driving, behavior prediction is fundamental for safe motion planning, hence the security and robustness of prediction models against adversarial attacks are of paramount importance. We propose a novel adversarial backdoor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Mozhgan Pourkeshavarz , Mohammad Sabokrou , Amir Rasouli

Adversarial scenario generation is crucial for autonomous driving testing because it can efficiently simulate various challenge and complex traffic conditions. However, it is difficult to control current existing methods to generate desired…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Shuo Yang , Caojun Wang , Yuanjian Zhang , Yuming Yin , Yanjun Huang , Shengbo Eben Li , Hong Chen

Safe and smooth interacting with other vehicles is one of the ultimate goals of driving automation. However, recent reports of demonstrative deployments of automated vehicles (AVs) indicate that AVs are still difficult to meet the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-11 Daofei Li , Ao Liu , Hao Pan , Wentao Chen

Ensuring and improving the safety of autonomous driving systems (ADS) is crucial for the deployment of highly automated vehicles, especially in safety-critical events. To address the rarity issue, adversarial scenario generation methods are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yuewen Mei , Tong Nie , Jian Sun , Ye Tian

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles requires virtual scenario-based testing, which depends on the robust evaluation and generation of safety-critical scenarios. So far, researchers have used scenario-based testing frameworks that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Yuan Gao , Mattia Piccinini , Korbinian Moller , Amr Alanwar , Johannes Betz

Pedestrians' safety is a crucial factor in assessing autonomous driving scenarios. However, pedestrian safety evaluation is rarely considered by existing autonomous driving simulation platforms. This paper proposes a pedestrian safety…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Lin Ma , Longrui Chen , Yan Zhang , Mengdi Chu , Wenjie Jiang , Jiahao Shen , Chuxuan Li , Yifeng Shi , Nairui Luo , Jirui Yuan , Guyue Zhou , Jiangtao Gong

Driver models play a vital role in developing and verifying autonomous vehicles (AVs). Previously, they are mainly applied in traffic flow simulation to model driver behavior. With the development of AVs, driver models attract much…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Cheng Wang , Fengwei Guo , Ruilin Yu , Luyao Wang , Yuxin Zhang