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While chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting improves reasoning in large language models, its effectiveness in vision-language models (VLMs) remains limited due to over-reliance on textual cues and memorized knowledge. To investigate the visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Charles Corbière , Simon Roburin , Syrielle Montariol , Antoine Bosselut , Alexandre Alahi

Despite significant advancements, current large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (LVLMs) continue to struggle with complex, multi-step, cross-modal common sense reasoning tasks, often exhibiting a lack of "deliberative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Wenjie Luo , Ruocheng Li , Shanshan Zhu , Julian Perry

In-context learning (ICL) enhances large language models (LLMs) by incorporating demonstration examples, yet its effectiveness heavily depends on the quality of selected examples. Current methods typically use text embeddings to measure…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jiale Fu , Yaqing Wang , Simeng Han , Jiaming Fan , Xu Yang

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown that Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning can substantially improve performance on complex reasoning tasks. At the same time, In-Context Learning (ICL) has become an important mechanism…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Rui Chu

Recent advances in diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in isolated computer vision tasks such as text-to-image generation, depth estimation, and optical flow. However, these models are often restricted by a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Yilin Gao , Shuguang Dou , Junzhou Li , Zhiheng Yu , Yin Li , Dongsheng Jiang , Shugong Xu

Human reasoning can be understood as a cooperation between the intuitive, associative "System-1" and the deliberative, logical "System-2". For existing System-1-like methods in visual activity understanding, it is crucial to integrate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Xiaoqian Wu , Yong-Lu Li , Jianhua Sun , Cewu Lu

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR), which aims to find a target image from a reference image and a modification text, presents the core challenge of performing unified reasoning across visual and semantic modalities. While current approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Weihuang Lin , Yiwei Ma , Jiayi Ji , Xiaoshuai Sun , Rongrong Ji

Reinforcement fine-tuning (RFT), a two-stage framework consisting of supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning (RL) has shown promising results on improving reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs). Yet extending RFT…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yifan Jiang , Yueying Wang , Rui Zhao , Toufiq Parag , Zhimin Chen , Zhenyu Liao , Jayakrishnan Unnikrishnan

While reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is effective to improve the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs), its reliance on human-annotated labels leads to the scaling up dilemma, especially for complex tasks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zizhuo Zhang , Jianing Zhu , Xinmu Ge , Zihua Zhao , Zhanke Zhou , Xuan Li , Xiao Feng , Jiangchao Yao , Bo Han

Reinforcement Learning (RL) serves as a potent paradigm for enhancing reasoning capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs), yet standard outcome-based approaches often suffer from reward sparsity and inefficient credit assignment. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xiangwei Wang , Wei Wang , Ken Chen , Nanduni Nimalsiri , Saman Halgamuge

Humans interpret complex visual stimuli using abstract concepts that facilitate decision-making tasks such as food selection and risk avoidance. Similarity judgment tasks are effective for exploring these concepts. However, methods for…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-23 Chen Wei , Jiachen Zou , Dietmar Heinke , Quanying Liu

Compositional visual reasoning has emerged as a key research frontier in multimodal AI, aiming to endow machines with the human-like ability to decompose visual scenes, ground intermediate concepts, and perform multi-step logical inference.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Fucai Ke , Joy Hsu , Zhixi Cai , Zixian Ma , Xin Zheng , Xindi Wu , Sukai Huang , Weiqing Wang , Pari Delir Haghighi , Gholamreza Haffari , Ranjay Krishna , Jiajun Wu , Hamid Rezatofighi

Conversational machine comprehension (MC) has proven significantly more challenging compared to traditional MC since it requires better utilization of conversation history. However, most existing approaches do not effectively capture…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Yu Chen , Lingfei Wu , Mohammed J. Zaki

We present TokenFlow, a novel unified image tokenizer that bridges the long-standing gap between multimodal understanding and generation. Prior research attempt to employ a single reconstruction-targeted Vector Quantization (VQ) encoder for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Liao Qu , Huichao Zhang , Yiheng Liu , Xu Wang , Yi Jiang , Yiming Gao , Hu Ye , Daniel K. Du , Zehuan Yuan , Xinglong Wu

Although large language models (LLMs) show promise in solving complex mathematical tasks, existing evaluation paradigms rely solely on a coarse measure of overall answer accuracy, which are insufficient for assessing their authentic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Jiayu Liu , Zhenya Huang , Wei Dai , Cheng Cheng , Jinze Wu , Jing Sha , Song Li , Qi Liu , Shijin Wang , Enhong Chen

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit enhanced reasoning at larger scales, driving efforts to distill these capabilities into smaller models via teacher-student learning. Previous works simply fine-tune student models on teachers' generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Chengwei Dai , Kun Li , Wei Zhou , Songlin Hu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) that think with images can interactively use tools to reason about visual inputs, but current approaches often rely on a narrow set of tools with limited real-world necessity and scalability. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Zirun Guo , Minjie Hong , Feng Zhang , Kai Jia , Tao Jin

Visual Chain-of-Thought (VCoT) has emerged as a promising paradigm for enhancing multimodal reasoning by integrating visual perception into intermediate reasoning steps. However, existing VCoT approaches are largely confined to static…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Junhua Liu , Zhangcheng Wang , Zhike Han , Ningli Wang , Guotao Liang , Kun Kuang

Knowledge-based visual question answering (KB-VQA) is a challenging task, which requires the model to leverage external knowledge for comprehending and answering questions grounded in visual content. Recent studies retrieve the knowledge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Dongze Hao , Jian Jia , Longteng Guo , Qunbo Wang , Te Yang , Yan Li , Yanhua Cheng , Bo Wang , Quan Chen , Han Li , Jing Liu

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong capability in a wide range of tasks such as visual recognition, document parsing, and visual grounding. Nevertheless, recent work shows that while VLMs often manage to capture the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Chengxin Liu , Wonseok Choi , Chenshuang Zhang , Tae-Hyun Oh