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The prevailing approach to distilling reasoning from Large Language Models (LLMs)-behavioral cloning from textual rationales-is fundamentally limited. It teaches Small Language Models (SLMs) to mimic surface-level patterns rather than the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Xiangyu Wen , Junhua Huang , Zeju Li , Min Li , Jianyuan Zhong , Zhijian Xu , Mingxuan Yuan , Yongxiang Huang , Qiang Xu

Concept-based interpretability for Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) aims to align internal model representations with high-level semantic concepts, but existing approaches largely overlook the semantic roles of individual filters and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Xinyu Mu , Hui Dou , Furao Shen , Jian Zhao

The human brain is naturally equipped to comprehend and interpret visual information rapidly. When confronted with complex problems or concepts, we use flowcharts, sketches, and diagrams to aid our thought process. Leveraging this inherent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Fanxu Meng , Haotong Yang , Yiding Wang , Muhan Zhang

The central challenge of reinforcement learning for reasoning lies not only in the sparsity of outcome-level supervision, but more fundamentally in how to transform feedback provided only at the end of a sequence into fine-grained learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Fei Ding , Yongkang Zhang , Runhao Liu , Yuhao Liao , Zijian Zeng , Sibo wang , Huiming Yang

Chain of Thought (CoT) prompting improves the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs) by encouraging step by step thinking. However, CoT-based methods depend on intermediate reasoning steps, which limits scalability and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Guanghao Li , Wenhao Jiang , Mingfeng Chen , Yan Li , Hao Yu , Shuting Dong , Tao Ren , Ming Tang , Chun Yuan

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has been widely adopted to enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) by decomposing complex tasks into simpler, sequential subtasks. However, extending CoT to vision-language reasoning tasks remains challenging,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Luozheng Qin , Jia Gong , Yuqing Sun , Tianjiao Li , Mengping Yang , Xiaomeng Yang , Chao Qu , Zhiyu Tan , Hao Li

Most existing methods in vision-language retrieval match two modalities by either comparing their global feature vectors which misses sufficient information and lacks interpretability, detecting objects in images or videos and aligning the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Xiaohan Zou , Changqiao Wu , Lele Cheng , Zhongyuan Wang

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) emphasize long chain-of-thought reasoning; yet, we find that their performance on visual tasks is primarily limited by a lack of visual perception as opposed to reasoning itself. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Juncheng Wu , Hardy Chen , Haoqin Tu , Xianfeng Tang , Freda Shi , Hui Liu , Hanqing Lu , Cihang Xie , Yuyin Zhou

Contemporary progress in large language models (LLMs) has revealed notable inferential capacities via reinforcement learning (RL) employing verifiable reward, facilitating the development of O1 and R1-like reasoning models. Directly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zexu Sun , Yongcheng Zeng , Erxue Min , Heyang Gao , Bokai Ji , Xu Chen

Flowcharts are typically presented as images, driving the trend of using vision-language models (VLMs) for end-to-end flowchart understanding. However, two key challenges arise: (i) Limited controllability--users have minimal influence over…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Junyi Ye , Ankan Dash , Wenpeng Yin , Guiling Wang

The ability to generate diverse solutions to a given problem is a hallmark of human creativity. This divergent reasoning is also crucial for machines, enhancing their robustness and enabling them to assist humans in many applications such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Fangxu Yu , Lai Jiang , Haoqiang Kang , Shibo Hao , Lianhui Qin

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable success in open-vocabulary perceptual tasks, yet their ability to solve complex cognitive problems remains limited, especially when visual details are abstract and require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Boyi Li , Yifan Shen , Yuanzhe Liu , Yifan Xu , Jiateng Liu , Xinzhuo Li , Zhengyuan Li , Jingyuan Zhu , Yunhan Zhong , Fangzhou Lan , Jianguo Cao , James M. Rehg , Heng Ji , Ismini Lourentzou , Xu Cao

As large vision language models (VLMs) advance, their capabilities in multilingual visual question answering (mVQA) have significantly improved. Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has been proven to enhance interpretability and complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jing Huang , Zhiya Tan , Shutao Gong , Fanwei Zeng , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Changtao Miao , Huazhe Tan , Weibin Yao , Jianshu Li

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have excelled in textual reasoning, they struggle with mathematical domains like geometry that intrinsically rely on visual aids. Existing approaches to Visual Chain-of-Thought (VCoT) are often limited by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Weikang Shi , Aldrich Yu , Rongyao Fang , Houxing Ren , Ke Wang , Aojun Zhou , Changyao Tian , Xinyu Fu , Yuxuan Hu , Zimu Lu , Linjiang Huang , Si Liu , Rui Liu , Hongsheng Li

Achieving robust perception-reasoning synergy is a central goal for advanced Vision-Language Models (VLMs). Recent advancements have pursued this goal via architectural designs or agentic workflows. However, these approaches are often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Haozhe Wang , Qixin Xu , Changpeng Wang , Taofeng Xue , Chong Peng , Wenhu Chen , Fangzhen Lin

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have witnessed significant progress on visual understanding tasks. However, they often prioritize language knowledge over image information on visual reasoning tasks, incurring performance degradation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jingqi Zhou , Sheng Wang , Jingwei Dong , Kai Liu , Lei Li , Jiahui Gao , Jiyue Jiang , Lingpeng Kong , Chuan Wu

While neural symbolic methods demonstrate impressive performance in visual question answering on synthetic images, their performance suffers on real images. We identify that the long-tail distribution of visual concepts and unequal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Zhuowan Li , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Yixiao Zhang , Cihang Xie , Quan Tran , Benjamin Van Durme , Alan Yuille

Although data visualization is powerful for revealing patterns and communicating insights, creating effective visualizations requires familiarity with authoring tools and often disrupts the analysis flow. While large language models show…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Zhihao Shuai , Boyan Li , Siyu Yan , Yuyu Luo , Weikai Yang

In-context learning (ICL) has proven highly effective across diverse large language model (LLM) tasks. However, its potential for enhancing tasks that demand step-by-step logical deduction, such as mathematical reasoning, remains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Ang Gao , Changshuo Zhang , Xiao Zhang , Deyang Li , Minjun Zhao , Fangchao Liu , Xinyu Zhang

Effectively retrieving, reasoning and understanding visually rich information remains a challenge for RAG methods. Traditional text-based methods cannot handle visual-related information. On the other hand, current vision-based RAG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Qiuchen Wang , Ruixue Ding , Yu Zeng , Zehui Chen , Lin Chen , Shihang Wang , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Feng Zhao