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Autonomous vehicle (AV) stacks have traditionally relied on decomposed approaches, with separate modules handling perception, prediction, and planning. However, this design introduces information loss during inter-module communication,…

Well-established optimization-based methods can guarantee an optimal trajectory for a short optimization horizon, typically no longer than a few seconds. As a result, choosing the optimal trajectory for this short horizon may still result…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Branka Mirchevska , Maria Hügle , Gabriel Kalweit , Moritz Werling , Joschka Boedecker

End-to-end planning methods are the de facto standard of the current autonomous driving system, while the robustness of the data-driven approaches suffers due to the notorious long-tail problem (i.e., rare but safety-critical failure…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Enhui Ma , Lijun Zhou , Tao Tang , Jiahuan Zhang , Junpeng Jiang , Zhan Zhang , Dong Han , Kun Zhan , Xueyang Zhang , XianPeng Lang , Haiyang Sun , Xia Zhou , Di Lin , Kaicheng Yu

While reasoning technology like Chain of Thought (CoT) has been widely adopted in Vision Language Action (VLA) models, it demonstrates promising capabilities in end to end autonomous driving. However, recent efforts to integrate CoT…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Yuechen Luo , Fang Li , Shaoqing Xu , Zhiyi Lai , Lei Yang , Qimao Chen , Ziang Luo , Zixun Xie , Shengyin Jiang , Jiaxin Liu , Long Chen , Bing Wang , Zhi-xin Yang

To improve safety and energy efficiency, autonomous vehicles are expected to drive smoothly in most situations, while maintaining their velocity below a predetermined speed limit. However, some scenarios such as low road adherence or…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-04-05 Florent Altché , Philip Polack , Arnaud de la Fortelle

We present a novel hybrid learning-assisted planning method, named HyPlan, for solving the collision-free navigation problem for self-driving cars in partially observable traffic environments. HyPlan combines methods for multi-agent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Donald Pfaffmann , Matthias Klusch , Marcel Steinmetz

This paper presents a hierarchical longitudinal control architecture for autonomous truck platoons that jointly addresses safety, string stability, and economic efficiency. The framework integrates a high-rate safety projection filter, a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Alexander Hammerl , Ravi Seshadri , Thomas Kjær Rasmussen , Otto Anker Nielsen

End-to-end autonomous driving systems are increasingly integrating Vision-Language Model (VLM) architectures, incorporating text reasoning or visual reasoning to enhance the robustness and accuracy of driving decisions. However, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Lingjun Zhang , Changjie Wu , Linzhe Shi , Jiangyang Li , Jiaxin Liu , Lei Yang , Hang Zhang , Mu Xu , Hong Wang

This paper presents a game-theoretic path-following formulation where the opponent is an adversary road model. This formulation allows us to compute safe sets using tools from viability theory, that can be used as terminal constraints in an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-05-18 Alexander Liniger , Luc van Gool

Autonomous vehicles inevitably encounter a vast array of scenarios in real-world environments. Addressing long-tail scenarios, particularly those involving intensive interactions with numerous traffic participants, remains one of the most…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Guanzhou Li , Jianping Wu , Yujing He

End-to-End (E2E) planning has become a powerful paradigm for autonomous driving, yet current systems remain fundamentally uncertainty-blind. They assume perception outputs are fully reliable, even in ambiguous or poorly observed scenes,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Wonjeong Ryu , Seungjun Yu , Seokha Moon , Hojun Choi , Junsung Park , Jinkyu Kim , Hyunjung Shim

Recent studies have explored leveraging the world knowledge and cognitive capabilities of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to address the long-tail problem in end-to-end autonomous driving. However, existing methods typically formulate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yongkang Li , Kaixin Xiong , Xiangyu Guo , Fang Li , Sixu Yan , Gangwei Xu , Lijun Zhou , Long Chen , Haiyang Sun , Bing Wang , Kun Ma , Guang Chen , Hangjun Ye , Wenyu Liu , Xinggang Wang

The feasibility of collecting a large amount of expert demonstrations has inspired growing research interests in learning-to-drive settings, where models learn by imitating the driving behaviour from experts. However, exclusively relying on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Jonathan Francis , Bingqing Chen , Weiran Yao , Eric Nyberg , Jean Oh

Emerging generative world models and vision-language-action (VLA) systems are rapidly reshaping automated driving by enabling scalable simulation, long-horizon forecasting, and capability-rich decision making. Across these directions,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Rongxiang Zeng , Yongqi Dong

Ensuring safety in autonomous vehicles necessitates advanced path planning and obstacle avoidance capabilities, particularly in dynamic environments. This paper introduces a bi-level control framework that efficiently augments road…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Mostafa Emam , Matthias Gerdts

Current end-to-end autonomous driving methods either run a controller based on a planned trajectory or perform control prediction directly, which have spanned two separately studied lines of research. Seeing their potential mutual benefits…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Penghao Wu , Xiaosong Jia , Li Chen , Junchi Yan , Hongyang Li , Yu Qiao

Adapting driving behavior to new environments, customs, and laws is a long-standing problem in autonomous driving, precluding the widespread deployment of autonomous vehicles (AVs). In this paper, we present LLaDA, a simple yet powerful…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Boyi Li , Yue Wang , Jiageng Mao , Boris Ivanovic , Sushant Veer , Karen Leung , Marco Pavone

Existing imitation learning methods for end-to-end autonomous driving predominantly learn from successful demonstrations by minimizing geometric deviations from expert trajectories. This paradigm implicitly assumes that spatial proximity…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Junli Wang , Zhihua Hua , Xueyi Liu , Zebin Xing , Haochen Tian , Kun Ma , Hangjun Ye , Guang Chen , Long Chen , Qichao Zhang

Self-driving vehicles have their own intelligence to drive on open roads. However, vehicle managers, e.g., government or industrial companies, still need a way to tell these self-driving vehicles what behaviors are encouraged or forbidden.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Jiaxin Liu , Wenhui Zhou , Hong Wang , Zhong Cao , Wenhao Yu , Chengxiang Zhao , Ding Zhao , Diange Yang , Jun Li

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Advanced Driving Systems (ADS) are key to improving road safety, yet most existing implementations focus primarily on the vehicle ahead, neglecting the behavior of following vehicles. This…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Dianwei Chen , Yaobang Gong , Xianfeng Yang