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Tool-augmented AI agents substantially extend the practical capabilities of large language models, but they also introduce security risks that cannot be identified through model-only evaluation. In this paper, we present a systematic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Yuhang Wang , Haichang Gao , Zhenxing Niu , Zhaoxiang Liu , Wenjing Zhang , Xiang Wang , Shiguo Lian

Agentic AI systems, specifically LLM-driven agents that plan, invoke tools, maintain persistent memory, and delegate tasks to peer agents via protocols such as MCP and A2A, introduce a threat surface that differs materially from standalone…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Javad Forough , Marios Kogias , Hamed Haddadi

Artificial Intelligence (AI) increasingly automates various parts of the software development tasks. Although AI has enhanced the productivity of development tasks, it remains unstudied whether AI essentially outperforms humans in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Imgyeong Lee , Tayyib Ul Hassan , Abram Hindle

Unified autoregressive models (UAMs) are transformer models that generate text as well as image tokens within a single autoregressive pass. Shared parameters and a multimodal vocabulary simplify the training pipeline and facilitate flexible…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Tobias Braun , Jonas Henry Grebe , Hossein Shakibania , Anna Rohrbach , Marcus Rohrbach

Modern software systems are increasingly developed within rapid continuous integration and deployment (CI/CD) pipelines, where ensuring security prior to release presents significant technical and organizational challenges. Traditional…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Michael Wienczkowski

As large language models transition from bounded generative engines to agents with expansive execution privileges, AI going out of control precipitates a fundamental crisis in artificial intelligence security. Existing defense architectures…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Benlong Wu , Weiming Zhang , Kejiang Chen , Han Fang , Nenghai Yu

Tokenization - the practice of converting strings of characters from an alphabet into sequences of tokens over a vocabulary - is a critical step in the NLP pipeline. The use of token representations is widely credited with increased model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Juan Luis Gastaldi , John Terilla , Luca Malagutti , Brian DuSell , Tim Vieira , Ryan Cotterell

Studying adversarial attacks on artificial intelligence (AI) systems helps discover model shortcomings, enabling the construction of a more robust system. Most existing adversarial attack methods only concentrate on single-task single-model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Qingyuan Zeng , Yunpeng Gong , Min Jiang

We introduce the Context Compliance Attack (CCA), a novel, optimization-free method for bypassing AI safety mechanisms. Unlike current approaches -- which rely on complex prompt engineering and computationally intensive optimization -- CCA…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Mark Russinovich , Ahmed Salem

As large language models (LLMs) generate text that increasingly resembles human writing, the subtle cues that distinguish AI-generated content from human-written content become increasingly challenging to capture. Reliance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Xiao Pu , Zepeng Cheng , Lin Yuan , Yu Wu , Xiuli Bi

Agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI) represents a paradigm shift from reactive systems to proactive, autonomous decision making frameworks. Existing AI-based educational systems remain fragmented and lack multi-level integration across…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Arya Mary K J , Deepthy K Bhaskar , Sinu T S , Binu V P

Multi-agent artificial intelligence systems or MAS are systems of autonomous agents that exercise delegated tool authority, share persistent memory, and coordinate via inter-agent communication. MAS introduces qualitatively distinct…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Tam Nguyen , Moses Ndebugre , Dheeraj Arremsetty

Decentralized, agentic AI marketplaces are rapidly emerging to support software engineering tasks such as debugging, patch generation, and security auditing, often operating without centralized oversight. However, existing reputation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Mohd Sameen Chishti , Damilare Peter Oyinloye , Jingyue Li

Tokenization algorithms that merge the units of a base vocabulary into larger, variable-rate units have become standard in natural language processing tasks. This idea, however, has been mostly overlooked when the vocabulary consists of…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Avihu Dekel , Raul Fernandez

Cognitive operations are a rising concern in the geopolitical sphere, a quiet yet rigorous fight for public perception and decision making. While such operations have been extensively studied in the context of bot-driven amplification, the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Liz Cho , Dongwook Yoon

The integration of Large Language Model (LLM)-based conversational agents into vehicles creates novel security challenges at the intersection of agentic AI, automotive safety, and inter-agent communication. As these intelligent assistants…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Lukas Stappen , Ahmet Erkan Turan , Johann Hagerer , Georg Groh

Contemporary machine learning paradigm excels in statistical data analysis, solving problems that classical AI couldn't. However, it faces key limitations, such as a lack of integration with planning, incomprehensible internal structure,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Zeki Doruk Erden , Boi Faltings

Existing GUI agent models relying on coordinate-based one-step visual grounding struggle with generalizing to varying input resolutions and aspect ratios. Alternatives introduce coordinate-free strategies yet suffer from learning under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xiaoce Wang , Guibin Zhang , Junzhe Li , Jinzhe Tu , Chun Li , Ming Li

Recent work shows that deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples. Much work studies adversarial example generation, while very little work focuses on more critical adversarial defense. Existing adversarial detection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Bin Zhu , Zhaoquan Gu , Le Wang , Zhihong Tian

AI agents powered by large language models (LLMs) are being deployed at scale, yet we lack a systematic understanding of how the choice of backbone LLM affects agent security. The non-deterministic sequential nature of AI agents complicates…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Julia Bazinska , Max Mathys , Francesco Casucci , Mateo Rojas-Carulla , Xander Davies , Alexandra Souly , Niklas Pfister