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Artificial neural networks have revolutionized fields from computer vision to natural language processing, yet their growing energy and computational demands threaten future progress. Optical neural networks promise greater speed,…

Optics · Physics 2025-08-18 Bofeng Liu , Xu Mei , Sadman Shafi , Tunan Xia , Iam-Choon Khoo , Zhiwen Liu , Xingjie Ni

The increasing complexity of neural networks and the energy consumption associated with training and inference create a need for alternative neuromorphic approaches, e.g. using optics. Current proposals and implementations rely on physical…

Optics · Physics 2023-08-31 Clara C. Wanjura , Florian Marquardt

The intrinsic complexity of nonlinear optical phenomena offers a fundamentally new resource to analog brain-inspired computing, with the potential to address the pressing energy requirements of artificial intelligence. We introduce and…

Photonics has unlocked the potential for energy-efficient acceleration of deep learning. Most approaches toward photonic deep learning have diligently reproduced traditional deep learning architectures using photonic platforms, separately…

Optics · Physics 2024-12-06 Sunkyu Yu , Xianji Piao , Namkyoo Park

Artificial Neural Networks are computational network models inspired by signal processing in the brain. These models have dramatically improved the performance of many learning tasks, including speech and object recognition. However,…

Deep neural networks have achieved remarkable breakthroughs by leveraging multiple layers of data processing to extract hidden representations, albeit at the cost of large electronic computing power. To enhance energy efficiency and speed,…

The growing computational demands of classical neural networks have intensified the search for energy-efficient and powerful computational alternatives. Quantum neural networks (QNNs) implemented on integrated photonic platforms offer a…

Efficient machine learning inference is essential for the rapid adoption of artificial intelligence across various domains.On-chip optical computing has emerged as a transformative solution for accelerating machine learning tasks, owing to…

The enormous energy demand of artificial intelligence is driving the development of alternative hardware for deep learning. Physical neural networks try to exploit physical systems to perform machine learning more efficiently. In…

Optical neural networks promise ultrafast, low-energy information processing by performing computation directly with photons. Current implementations, however, are largely restricted to steady-state operation and rely on high-latency…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Jiande Cao , Yexiong Zeng , Franco Nori , Ze-Liang Xiang

Quantum annealing is a promising paradigm for building practical quantum computers. Compared to other approaches, quantum annealing technology has been scaled up to a larger number of qubits. On the other hand, deep learning has been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-07 Michele Sasdelli , Tat-Jun Chin

Parametrized quantum circuits are essential components of variational quantum algorithms. Until now, optical implementations of these circuits have relied solely on adjustable linear optical units. In this study, we demonstrate that using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 E. A. Chernykh , M. Yu. Saygin , G. I. Struchalin , S. P. Kulik , S. S. Straupe

All-optical neural networks (AONNs) promise transformative gains in speed and energy efficiency for artificial intelligence (AI) by leveraging the intrinsic parallelism and wave nature of light. However, their scalability has been…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-09 Ruben Canora , Xinzhe Xu , Ziqi Niu , Hadiseh Alaeian , Shengwang Du

As deep learning applications continue to deploy increasingly large artificial neural networks, the associated high energy demands are creating a need for alternative neuromorphic approaches. Optics and photonics are particularly compelling…

Optics · Physics 2025-08-19 Nicola Dal Cin , Florian Marquardt , Clara C. Wanjura

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are reshaping the field of information processing. With their exponential growth challenging existing electronic hardware, optical neural networks (ONNs) are emerging to process DNN tasks in the optical domain…

As computing resource demands continue to escalate in the face of big data, cloud-connectivity and the internet of things, it has become imperative to develop new low-power, scalable architectures. Neuromorphic photonics, or photonic neural…

Optical approaches have made great strides towards the goal of high-speed, energy-efficient computing necessary for modern deep learning and AI applications. Read-in and read-out of data, however, limit the overall performance of existing…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Alexander Song , Sai Nikhilesh Murty Kottapalli , Rahul Goyal , Bernhard Schölkopf , Peer Fischer

Modern deep learning relies nearly exclusively on dedicated electronic hardware accelerators. Photonic approaches, with low consumption and high operation speed, are increasingly considered for inference but, to date, remain mostly limited…

Neural networks enjoy widespread success in both research and industry and, with the imminent advent of quantum technology, it is now a crucial challenge to design quantum neural networks for fully quantum learning tasks. Here we propose…

The successful development of future photonic quantum technologies heavily depends on the possibility of realizing robust, reliable and, crucially, scalable nanophotonic devices. In integrated networks, quantum emitters can be deployed as…

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