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Human digital twins (HDTs) are dynamic, data-driven virtual representations of individuals, continuously updated with multimodal data to simulate, monitor, and predict health trajectories. By integrating clinical, physiological, behavioral,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Rong Pan , Hongyue Sun , Xiaoyu Chen , Giulia Pedrielli , Jiapeng Huang

The growing complexity of healthcare systems requires advanced computational models for real-time monitoring, secure data exchange, and intelligent decision-making. Digital Twins (DTs) provide virtual representations of physical healthcare…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Asma Taheri Monfared , Andrea Bombarda , Angelo Gargantini , Majid Haghparast

As we evolve towards more heterogeneous and cutting-edge mobile networks, Network Digital Twins (NDTs) are proving to be a promising paradigm in solving challenges faced by network operators, as they give a possibility of replicating the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-20 John Sengendo , Fabrizio Granelli

With the accelerating availability of multimodal surgical data and real-time computation, Surgical Digital Twins (SDTs) have emerged as virtual counterparts that mirror, predict, and inform decisions across pre-, intra-, and postoperative…

Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a rapidly developing technology that allows direct communications between the human brain and external devices, such as robotic arms and computers. Bayesian Networks is a powerful tool in machine learning…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-16 Pingsheng Li

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) show enormous potential for advancing personalized medicine. However, BCIs also introduce new avenues for cyber-attacks or security compromises. In this article, we analyze the problem and make…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Tyler Schroder , Renee Sirbu , Sohee Park , Jessica Morley , Sam Street , Luciano Floridi

The objective of personalized medicine is to tailor interventions to an individual patient's unique characteristics. A key technology for this purpose involves medical digital twins, computational models of human biology that can be…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-22 Lucas Böttcher , Luis L. Fonseca , Reinhard C. Laubenbacher

Digital twins (DT) have received significant attention due to their numerous benefits, such as real-time data analytics and cost reduction in production. DT serves as a fundamental component of many applications, encompassing smart…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Chen Chen , Zihan Jia , Ze Wang , Lin Cui , Fung Po Tso

Digital network twin (DNT) is a promising paradigm to replicate real-world cellular networks toward continual assessment, proactive management, and what-if analysis. Existing discussions have been focusing on using only deep learning…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Yuru Zhang , Ming Zhao , Qiang Liu

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive critical overview on how entities and their interactions in Complex Networked Systems (CNS) are modelled across disciplines as they approach their ultimate goal of creating a Digital Twin (DT) that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-22 Jiaqi Wen , Bogdan Gabrys , Katarzyna Musial

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) suffer from accuracy degradation as neural signals drift over time and vary across users, requiring frequent recalibration that limits practical deployment. We introduce EDAPT, a task- and model-agnostic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Lisa Haxel , Jaivardhan Kapoor , Ulf Ziemann , Jakob H. Macke

The integration of accurate and reproducible wireless network simulations is a key enabler for research on open, virtualized, and intelligent communication systems. Network Digital Twins (NDTs) provide a scalable alternative to costly and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Oscar Stenhammar , Sundeep Rangan , Gábor Fodor , Carlo Fischione

In recent years, advances in neuroscience and artificial intelligence have paved the way for unprecedented opportunities for understanding the complexity of the brain and its emulation by computational systems. Cutting-edge advancements in…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-04-19 Hui Xiong , Congying Chu , Lingzhong Fan , Ming Song , Jiaqi Zhang , Yawei Ma , Ruonan Zheng , Junyang Zhang , Zhengyi Yang , Tianzi Jiang

Brain-computer interfaces offer significant therapeutic opportunities for a variety of neurophysiological and neuropsychiatric disorders and may perhaps one day lead to augmenting the cognition and decision-making of the healthy brain.…

Intracranial language brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are a promising route for restoring communication in people with severe motor and speech impairments, but clinical translation remains limited by fragmented evidence and unresolved…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-17 Dongyi He , Wai Ting Siok , Nizhuan Wang

Designs for implanted brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have increased significantly in recent years. Each device promises better clinical outcomes and quality-of-life improvements, yet due to severe and inflexible safety constraints,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Muhammed Ugur , Raghavendra Pradyumna Pothukuchi , Abhishek Bhattacharjee

By amalgamating recent communication and control technologies, computing and data analytics techniques, and modular manufacturing, Industry~4.0 promotes integrating cyber-physical worlds through cyber-physical systems (CPS) and digital twin…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Shah Zeb , Aamir Mahmood , Syed Ali Hassan , MD. Jalil Piran , Mikael Gidlund , Mohsen Guizani

Digital twin (DT), refers to a promising technique to digitally and accurately represent actual physical entities. One typical advantage of DT is that it can be used to not only virtually replicate a system's detailed operations but also…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Jiayuan Chen , Changyan Yi , Samuel D. Okegbile , Jun Cai , Xuemin , Shen

The ability of the Network digital twin (NDT) to remain aware of changes in its physical counterpart, known as the physical twin (PTwin), is a fundamental condition to enable timely synchronization, also referred to as twinning. In this…

Network digital twins (NDTs) are transforming network management by offering precise virtual replicas of physical network systems. However, their reliance on diverse and sensitive data introduces significant challenges related to data…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Zifan Zhang , Dianwei Chen , Anjun Gao , Manhua Wang , Mingzhe Chen , Minghong Fang , Xianfeng Yang , Yuchen Liu