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Current vision systems typically assign fixed-length representations to images, regardless of the information content. This contrasts with human intelligence - and even large language models - which allocate varying representational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Shivam Duggal , Phillip Isola , Antonio Torralba , William T. Freeman

Visual tokenizers play a crucial role in diffusion models. The dimensionality of latent space governs both reconstruction fidelity and the semantic expressiveness of the latent feature. However, a fundamental trade-off is inherent between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Qingyu Shi , Size Wu , Jinbin Bai , Kaidong Yu , Yujing Wang , Yunhai Tong , Xiangtai Li , Xuelong Li

Accurate and effective discrete image tokenization is crucial for long image sequence processing. However, current methods rigidly compress all content at a fixed rate, ignoring the variable information density of images and leading to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xiusheng Huang , Xin Jiang , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu , Yequan Wang

Autoregressive (AR) video generative models rely on video tokenizers that compress pixels into discrete token sequences. The length of these token sequences is crucial for balancing reconstruction quality against downstream generation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Tianwei Xiong , Jun Hao Liew , Zilong Huang , Zhijie Lin , Jiashi Feng , Xihui Liu

Autoregressive (AR) models for image generation typically adopt a two-stage paradigm of vector quantization and raster-scan ``next-token prediction", inspired by its great success in language modeling. However, due to the huge modality gap,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Hu Yu , Hao Luo , Hangjie Yuan , Yu Rong , Jie Huang , Feng Zhao

Current image tokenization methods require a large number of tokens to capture the information contained within images. Although the amount of information varies across images, most image tokenizers only support fixed-length tokenization,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Keita Miwa , Kento Sasaki , Hidehisa Arai , Tsubasa Takahashi , Yu Yamaguchi

We completely discard the conventional spatial prior in image representation and introduce a novel discrete visual tokenizer: Self-consistency Tokenizer (Selftok). At its design core, we compose an autoregressive (AR) prior -- mirroring the…

We propose AdapTok, an adaptive temporal causal video tokenizer that can flexibly allocate tokens for different frames based on video content. AdapTok is equipped with a block-wise masking strategy that randomly drops tail tokens of each…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Yan Li , Changyao Tian , Renqiu Xia , Ning Liao , Weiwei Guo , Junchi Yan , Hongsheng Li , Jifeng Dai , Hao Li , Xue Yang

Image tokenizers form the foundation of modern text-to-image generative models but are notoriously difficult to train. Furthermore, most existing text-to-image models rely on large-scale, high-quality private datasets, making them…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Dongwon Kim , Ju He , Qihang Yu , Chenglin Yang , Xiaohui Shen , Suha Kwak , Liang-Chieh Chen

Autoregressive visual generation models typically rely on tokenizers to compress images into tokens that can be predicted sequentially. A fundamental dilemma exists in token representation: discrete tokens enable straightforward modeling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Yuqing Wang , Zhijie Lin , Yao Teng , Yuanzhi Zhu , Shuhuai Ren , Jiashi Feng , Xihui Liu

Visual tokenizer is a critical component for vision generation. However, the existing tokenizers often face unsatisfactory trade-off between compression ratios and reconstruction fidelity. To fill this gap, we introduce a powerful and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Shaobin Zhuang , Yiwei Guo , Canmiao Fu , Zhipeng Huang , Zeyue Tian , Xiaohui Li , Fangyikang Wang , Ying Zhang , Chen Li , Yali Wang

Image tokenizers map images to sequences of discrete tokens, and are a crucial component of autoregressive transformer-based image generation. The tokens are typically associated with spatial locations in the input image, arranged in raster…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Carlos Esteves , Mohammed Suhail , Ameesh Makadia

Inspired by the remarkable success of autoregressive models in language modeling, this paradigm has been widely adopted in visual generation. However, the sequential token-by-token decoding mechanism inherent in traditional autoregressive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Siyang Wang , Hanting Li , Wei Li , Jie Hu , Xinghao Chen , Feng Zhao

Autoregressive models have recently shown great promise in visual generation by leveraging discrete token sequences akin to language modeling. However, existing approaches often suffer from inefficiency, either due to token-by-token…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Ruiqing Yang , Kaixin Zhang , Zheng Zhang , Shan You , Tao Huang

Autoregressive (AR) models, long dominant in language generation, are increasingly applied to image synthesis but are often considered less competitive than Diffusion-based models. A primary limitation is the substantial number of image…

We introduce an efficient, resolution-agnostic autoregressive (AR) image synthesis approach that generalizes to arbitrary resolutions and aspect ratios, narrowing the gap to diffusion models at scale. At its core is VibeToken, a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Maitreya Patel , Jingtao Li , Weiming Zhuang , Yezhou Yang , Lingjuan Lv

Visual tokenization via auto-encoding empowers state-of-the-art image and video generative models by compressing pixels into a latent space. Although scaling Transformer-based generators has been central to recent advances, the tokenizer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Philippe Hansen-Estruch , David Yan , Ching-Yao Chung , Orr Zohar , Jialiang Wang , Tingbo Hou , Tao Xu , Sriram Vishwanath , Peter Vajda , Xinlei Chen

Adapting language models to new data distributions by simple finetuning is challenging. This is due to the rigidity of their subword tokenizers, which typically remain unchanged during adaptation. This inflexibility often leads to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Abraham Toluwase Owodunni , Orevaoghene Ahia , Sachin Kumar

In this work, we present HieraTok, a novel multi-scale Vision Transformer (ViT)-based tokenizer that overcomes the inherent limitation of modeling single-scale representations. This is realized through two key designs: (1) multi-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Cong Chen , Ziyuan Huang , Cheng Zou , Muzhi Zhu , Kaixiang Ji , Jiajia Liu , Jingdong Chen , Hao Chen , Chunhua Shen

Efficient video tokenization remains a key bottleneck in learning general purpose vision models that are capable of processing long video sequences. Prevailing approaches are restricted to encoding videos to a fixed number of tokens, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Wilson Yan , Volodymyr Mnih , Aleksandra Faust , Matei Zaharia , Pieter Abbeel , Hao Liu