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Large Language Models (LLMs) ) have demonstrated promise in boosting productivity across AI-powered tools, yet existing benchmarks like Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) inadequately assess enterprise-specific task…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Liya Wang , David Yi , Damien Jose , John Passarelli , James Gao , Jordan Leventis , Kang Li

Large Language Models can generate synthetic survey responses at low cost, but their accuracy varies unpredictably across questions. We study the design problem of allocating a fixed budget of human respondents across estimation tasks when…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zikun Ye , Hema Yoganarasimhan

Large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 have exhibited remarkable performance in a variety of tasks, but this strong performance often comes with the high expense of using paid API services. In this paper, we are motivated to study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Murong Yue , Jie Zhao , Min Zhang , Liang Du , Ziyu Yao

Prompting Large Language Models (LLMs) performs impressively in zero- and few-shot settings. Hence, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that cannot afford the cost of creating large task-specific training datasets, but also the cost…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Ilias Stogiannidis , Stavros Vassos , Prodromos Malakasiotis , Ion Androutsopoulos

This paper presents a hybrid approach that integrates Large Language Models (LLMs) with a multi-scenario Stochastic Unit Commitment (SUC) framework to enhance both efficiency and reliability under high wind generation uncertainties. In a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-01 Xinxing Ren , Chun Sing Lai , Gareth Taylor , Zekun Guo

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as agents that interact with users and with the world. To do so successfully, LLMs must construct representations of the world and form probabilistic beliefs about them. To provide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Linlu Qiu , Fei Sha , Kelsey Allen , Yoon Kim , Tal Linzen , Sjoerd van Steenkiste

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities in document re-ranking, a key component in modern Information Retrieval (IR) systems. However, existing LLM-based approaches face notable limitations, including ranking…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Pinhuan Wang , Zhiqiu Xia , Chunhua Liao , Feiyi Wang , Hang Liu

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of cost-efficient Large Language Models (LLMs) for diverse biomedical tasks spanning both text and image modalities. We evaluated a range of closed-source and open-source LLMs on tasks such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Israt Jahan , Md Tahmid Rahman Laskar , Chun Peng , Jimmy Huang

A significant barrier to the widespread adoption of Bayesian inference is the specification of prior distributions and likelihoods, which often requires specialized statistical expertise. This paper investigates the feasibility of using a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Yongchao Huang

Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) based large language models (LLMs), such as the recent Mixtral and DeepSeek-MoE, have shown great promise in scaling model size without suffering from the quadratic growth of training cost of dense transformers. Like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Longfei Yun , Yonghao Zhuang , Yao Fu , Eric P Xing , Hao Zhang

Context: Study screening in systematic literature reviews is costly, inconsistency-prone, and risk-asymmetric, since false negatives can compromise validity. Despite rapid uptake of Large Language Models (LLMs), there is limited evidence on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Gilberto Sussumu Hida , Danilo Monteiro Ribeiro , Erika Yahata

Large language models (LLMs) and multi-agent orchestration are touted as the next leap in machine translation (MT), but their benefits relative to conventional neural MT (NMT) remain unclear. This paper offers an empirical reality check. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Vicent Briva Iglesias , Gokhan Dogru

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant advances in text generation but often lack the reliability needed for autonomous deployment in high-stakes domains like healthcare, law, and finance. Existing approaches rely on external…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Ninad Naik

Bayesian Optimization (BO) has been widely used to efficiently optimize expensive black-box functions with limited evaluations. In this paper, we investigate the use of BO for prompt engineering to enhance text classification with Large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Adam Ballew , Jingbo Wang , Shaogang Ren

Significant progress has been made in automatic text evaluation with the introduction of large language models (LLMs) as evaluators. However, current sample-wise evaluation paradigm suffers from the following issues: (1) Sensitive to prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Peiwen Yuan , Shaoxiong Feng , Yiwei Li , Xinglin Wang , Boyuan Pan , Heda Wang , Kan Li

We investigate modifications to Bayesian Optimization for a resource-constrained setting of sequential experimental design where changes to certain design variables of the search space incur a switching cost. This models the scenario where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Stefan Pricopie , Richard Allmendinger , Manuel Lopez-Ibanez , Clyde Fare , Matt Benatan , Joshua Knowles

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly help people solve problems, from debugging code to repairing machinery. This process requires generating plausible hypotheses from partial descriptions, then updating them as more information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Hua-Dong Xiong

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) makes it important to recognize their strengths and limitations. We argue that in order to develop a holistic understanding of these systems we need to consider the problem that they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 R. Thomas McCoy , Shunyu Yao , Dan Friedman , Matthew Hardy , Thomas L. Griffiths

Performing inference on large volumes of samples with large language models (LLMs) can be computationally and financially costly in industry and real-world use. We propose batch prompting, a simple yet effective prompting approach that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Zhoujun Cheng , Jungo Kasai , Tao Yu

With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), the diversity of multi-LLM tasks and the variability in their pricing structures have become increasingly important, as costs can vary greatly between different LLMs. To tackle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Xiangxiang Dai , Jin Li , Xutong Liu , Anqi Yu , John C. S. Lui
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