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Modern software has been an integral part of everyday activities in many disciplines and application contexts. Introducing intelligent automation by leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) led to break-throughs in many fields. The…
Privacy law and regulation have turned to "consent" as the legitimate basis for collecting and processing individuals' data. As governments have rushed to enshrine consent requirements in their privacy laws, such as the California Consumer…
Encoding legislative text in a formal representation is an important prerequisite to different tasks in the field of AI & Law. For example, rule-based expert systems focused on legislation can support laypeople in understanding how…
Natural Language Processing (NLP) is revolutionising the way both professionals and laypersons operate in the legal field. The considerable potential for NLP in the legal sector, especially in developing computational assistance tools for…
Logic programming has long being advocated for legal reasoning, and several approaches have been put forward relying upon explicit representation of the law in logic programming terms. In this position paper we focus on the PROLEG…
This research explores the application of Large Language Models (LLMs) for automating the extraction of requirement-related legal content in the food safety domain and checking legal compliance of regulatory artifacts. With Industry 4.0…
The recent proliferation of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as pre-trained large language models (LLMs) has opened up new frontiers in computational law. An exciting area of development is the use of AI to automate…
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) becomes a standard law for data protection in many countries. Currently, twelve countries adopt the regulation and establish their GDPR-like regulation. However, to evaluate the differences and…
We study the overall process of automatic formalization of GDPR provisions using large language models, within a human-in-the-loop verification framework. Rather than aiming for full autonomy, we adopt a role-specialized workflow in which…
Ensuring compliance with international data protection standards for privacy and data security is a crucial but complex task, often requiring substantial legal expertise. This paper introduces LegiLM, a novel legal language model…
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a European Union regulation that will replace the existing Data Protection Directive on 25 May 2018. The most significant change is a huge increase in the maximum fine that can be levied for…
Law at large underpins modern society, codifying and governing many aspects of citizens' daily lives. Oftentimes, law is subject to interpretation, debate and challenges throughout various courts and jurisdictions. But in some other areas,…
Large language models (LLMs) have transformed many fields, including natural language processing, computer vision, and reinforcement learning. These models have also made a significant impact in the field of law, where they are being…
Large Language Models (LLMs) are being integrated into professional domains, yet their limitations in such high-stakes fields as law remain poorly understood. In response, this paper introduces examples of critical challenges to the…
With the advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Large Language Models (LLMs), there is a profound transformation occurring in the realm of natural language processing tasks within the legal domain. The capabilities of LLMs are…
Legislation can be viewed as a body of prescriptive rules expressed in natural language. The application of legislation to facts of a case we refer to as statutory reasoning, where those facts are also expressed in natural language.…
Large language models (LLMs) are among the best methods for processing natural language, partly due to their versatility. At the same time, domain-specific LLMs are more practical in real-life applications. This work introduces a novel…
Large Language Models (LLMs) enable a future in which certain types of legal documents may be generated automatically. This has a great potential to streamline legal processes, lower the cost of legal services, and dramatically increase…
As software-intensive systems face growing pressure to comply with laws and regulations, providing automated support for compliance analysis has become paramount. Despite advances in the Requirements Engineering (RE) community on legal…
The European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) calls for technical and organizational measures to support its implementation. Towards this end, the SPECIAL H2020 project aims to provide a set of tools that can be used by data…