Related papers: The Equivalence between Hardy-type paradox and Log…
In the modern Bayesian view classical probability theory is simply an extension of conventional logic, i.e., a quantitative tool that allows for consistent reasoning in the presence of uncertainty. Classical theory presupposes, however,…
Contextuality is a key signature of quantum non-classicality, which has been shown to play a central role in enabling quantum advantage for a wide range of information-processing and computational tasks. We study the logic of contextuality…
The amount of nonlocality in quantum theory is limited compared to that allowed in generalized no-signaling theory [Found. Phys. 24, 379 (1994)]. This feature, for example, gets manifested in the amount of Bell inequality violation as well…
Characterizing high-dimensional entangled states is of crucial importance in quantum information science and technology. Recent theoretical progress has been made to extend the Hardy's paradox into a general scenario with multisetting…
Although conventional logical systems based on logical calculi have been successfully used in mathematics and beyond, they have definite limitations that restrict their application in many cases. For instance, the principal condition for…
Uniform proofs are sequent calculus proofs with the following characteristic: the last step in the derivation of a complex formula at any stage in the proof is always the introduction of the top-level logical symbol of that formula. We…
Traditionally categorical data analysis (e.g. generalized linear models) works with simple, flat datasets akin to a single table in a database with no notion of missing data or conflicting versions. In contrast, modern data analysis must…
Plausibility measures are structures for reasoning in the face of uncertainty that generalize probabilities, unifying them with weaker structures like possibility measures and comparative probability relations. So far, the theory of…
Contextuality is a key feature of quantum mechanics. We present the sheaf-theoretic approach to contextuality introduced by Abramsky and Brandenburger, and show how it covers a range of logical and physical phenomena "at the borders of…
In human consciousness perceptions are distinct or atomistic events despite being perceived by an apparently undivided inner observer. This paper applies both classical (Boolean) and quantum logic to analysis of the Liar paradox which is…
Contextuality is a key characteristic that separates quantum from classical phenomena and an important tool in understanding the potential advantage of quantum computation. However, when assessing the quantum resources available for quantum…
We present a scenario in $1 + 1$ and $3 + 1$ dimensional space time which is paradoxical in the presence of a time machine. We show that the paradox cannot be resolved and the scenario has {\em no} consistent classical solution. Since the…
Classical logic has a serious limitation in that it cannot cope with the issues of vagueness and uncertainty into which fall most modes of human reasoning. In order to provide a foundation for human knowledge representation and reasoning in…
A recent framework of relativized hyperequivalence of programs offers a unifying generalization of strong and uniform equivalence. It seems to be especially well suited for applications in program optimization and modular programming due to…
In this paper we study the interaction between logic and probability. In particular, we show that the convex hull of evaluations of a broad class of logics is always effectively axiomatizable. We define a Birkhoff-style calculus for…
We present a proof for a conjecture previously formulated by Dzhafarov, Kujala, and Larsson (Foundations of Physics, in press, arXiv:1411.2244). The conjecture specifies a measure for the degree of contextuality and a criterion (necessary…
We establish fractional Hardy inequality on bounded domains in $\mathbb{R}^{d}$ with inverse of distance function from smooth boundary of codimension $k$, where $k=2, \dots,d$, as weight function. The case $sp=k$ is the critical case, where…
The occurrence of Simpson's paradox (SP) in $2\times 2$ contingency tables has been well studied. The present work comprehensively revisits this problem using a combination of philosophical reflections, causal considerations, and…
A short proof of the classic Hardy inequality is presented for $p$-norms with $p>1$. Along the lines of this proof a sharpened version is proved of a recent generalization of Hardy's inequality in the terminology of probability theory. A…
Contextuality has been conjectured to be a super-classical resource for quantum computation, analogous to the role of non-locality as a super-classical resource for communication. We show that the presence of contextuality places a lower…