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We consider the question of what functions can be captured by ReLU networks with an unbounded number of units (infinite width), but where the overall network Euclidean norm (sum of squares of all weights in the system, except for an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Pedro Savarese , Itay Evron , Daniel Soudry , Nathan Srebro

Neural network width and depth are fundamental aspects of network topology. Universal approximation theorems provide that with increasing width or depth, there exists a neural network that approximates a function arbitrarily well. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Ibrohim Nosirov , Jeffrey M. Hokanson

We prove that for an $L$-layer fully-connected linear neural network, if the width of every hidden layer is $\tilde\Omega (L \cdot r \cdot d_{\mathrm{out}} \cdot \kappa^3 )$, where $r$ and $\kappa$ are the rank and the condition number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Simon S. Du , Wei Hu

We study the realization map of deep ReLU networks, focusing on when a function determines its parameters up to scaling and permutation. To analyze hidden redundancies beyond these standard symmetries, we introduce a framework based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Moritz Grillo , Guido Montúfar

While deep learning is successful in a number of applications, it is not yet well understood theoretically. A satisfactory theoretical characterization of deep learning however, is beginning to emerge. It covers the following questions: 1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Tomaso Poggio , Andrzej Banburski , Qianli Liao

The success of deep networks has been attributed in part to their expressivity: per parameter, deep networks can approximate a richer class of functions than shallow networks. In ReLU networks, the number of activation patterns is one…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-22 Boris Hanin , David Rolnick

Generation of graphs constrained by a specified graph edit distance from a source graph is important in applications such as cheminformatics, network anomaly synthesis, and structured data augmentation. Despite the growing demand for such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Mamoona Ghafoor , Tatsuya Akutsu

It is commonly recognized that the expressiveness of deep neural networks is contingent upon a range of factors, encompassing their depth, width, and other relevant considerations. Currently, the practical performance of the majority of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Xuan Qi , Yi Wei

Implicit deep learning has received increasing attention recently due to the fact that it generalizes the recursive prediction rules of many commonly used neural network architectures. Its prediction rule is provided implicitly based on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Tianxiang Gao , Hailiang Liu , Jia Liu , Hridesh Rajan , Hongyang Gao

We study the computation complexity of deep ReLU (Rectified Linear Unit) neural networks for the approximation of functions from the H\"older-Zygmund space of mixed smoothness defined on the $d$-dimensional unit cube when the dimension $d$…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-07-26 Dinh Dũng , Van Kien Nguyen

We develop a corrective mechanism for neural network approximation: the total available non-linear units are divided into multiple groups and the first group approximates the function under consideration, the second group approximates the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Guy Bresler , Dheeraj Nagaraj

Understanding the representational power of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and how their structural properties (e.g., depth, width, type of activation unit) affect the functions they can compute, has been an important yet challenging question…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-11 Vaggos Chatziafratis , Sai Ganesh Nagarajan , Ioannis Panageas , Xiao Wang

We study the representation capacity of deep hyperbolic neural networks (HNNs) with a ReLU activation function. We establish the first proof that HNNs can $\varepsilon$-isometrically embed any finite weighted tree into a hyperbolic space of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Anastasis Kratsios , Ruiyang Hong , Haitz Sáez de Ocáriz Borde

We derive upper bounds on the complexity of ReLU neural networks approximating the solution maps of parametric partial differential equations. In particular, without any knowledge of its concrete shape, we use the inherent…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-05-15 Gitta Kutyniok , Philipp Petersen , Mones Raslan , Reinhold Schneider

We study the expressivity of ReLU neural networks in the setting of a binary classification problem from a topological perspective. Recently, empirical studies showed that neural networks operate by changing topology, transforming a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Ekin Ergen , Moritz Grillo

We consider the problem of learning an unknown ReLU network with respect to Gaussian inputs and obtain the first nontrivial results for networks of depth more than two. We give an algorithm whose running time is a fixed polynomial in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Sitan Chen , Adam R. Klivans , Raghu Meka

With the advancement of deep learning, reducing computational complexity and memory consumption has become a critical challenge, and ternary neural networks (NNs) that restrict parameters to $\{-1, 0, +1\}$ have attracted attention as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yuta Nakahara , Manabu Kobayashi , Toshiyasu Matsushima

In this article we present new results on neural networks with linear threshold activation functions. We precisely characterize the class of functions that are representable by such neural networks and show that 2 hidden layers are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Sammy Khalife , Hongyu Cheng , Amitabh Basu

We discuss the expressive power of neural networks which use the non-smooth ReLU activation function $\varrho(x) = \max\{0,x\}$ by analyzing the approximation theoretic properties of such networks. The existing results mainly fall into two…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2019-04-10 Felix Voigtlaender , Philipp Petersen

An approach to construct explicit integral representations for two-layer ReLU networks is presented, which provides relatively simple representations for any multivariate polynomial. Quantitative bounds are provided for a particular,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-13 Anthony Lee