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Existing UAV vision-and-language navigation (VLN) benchmarks rarely provide realistic aerial scenes, natural process-level instructions, and sufficient scale simultaneously, making it difficult to systematically train and evaluate UAV VLN…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Hengxing Cai , Yijie Rao , Ligang Huang , Zanyang Zhong , Jinhan Dong , Jingjun Tan , Changhao Nai , Jue Hou , Wenhao Lu , Renxin Zhong

Capturing spatial relationships from visual inputs is a cornerstone of human-like general intelligence. Several previous studies have tried to enhance the spatial awareness of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) by adding extra expert encoders,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Rui Yang , Ziyu Zhu , Yanwei Li , Jingjia Huang , Shen Yan , Siyuan Zhou , Zhe Liu , Xiangtai Li , Shuangye Li , Wenqian Wang , Yi Lin , Hengshuang Zhao

Real-world applications, such as autonomous driving and humanoid robot manipulation, require precise spatial perception. However, it remains underexplored how Vision-Language Models (VLMs) recognize spatial relationships and perceive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Fei Kong , Jinhao Duan , Kaidi Xu , Zhenhua Guo , Xiaofeng Zhu , Xiaoshuang Shi

We present a conceptual framework for training Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to perform Visual Perspective Taking (VPT), a core capability for embodied cognition essential for Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). As a first step toward this goal,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Joel Currie , Gioele Migno , Enrico Piacenti , Maria Elena Giannaccini , Patric Bach , Davide De Tommaso , Agnieszka Wykowska

Spatial reasoning remains a fundamental challenge for Vision-Language Models (VLMs), with current approaches struggling to achieve robust performance despite recent advances. We identify that this limitation stems from a critical gap:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Hongxing Li , Dingming Li , Zixuan Wang , Yuchen Yan , Hang Wu , Wenqi Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Weiming Lu , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang

Vision-language models (VLMs) are emerging as powerful generalist tools for remote sensing, capable of integrating information across diverse tasks and enabling flexible, instruction-based interactions via a chat interface. In this work, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Aysim Toker , Andreea-Maria Oncescu , Roy Miles , Ismail Elezi , Jiankang Deng

Spatial understanding has been a challenging task for existing Multi-modal Large Language Models~(MLLMs). Previous methods leverage large-scale MLLM finetuning to enhance MLLM's spatial understanding ability. In this paper, we present a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Hsiang-Wei Huang , Jen-Hao Cheng , Kuang-Ming Chen , Cheng-Yen Yang , Bahaa Alattar , Yi-Ru Lin , Pyongkun Kim , Sangwon Kim , Kwangju Kim , Chung-I Huang , Jenq-Neng Hwang

Understanding and reasoning about spatial relationships is a fundamental capability for Visual Question Answering (VQA) and robotics. While Vision Language Models (VLM) have demonstrated remarkable performance in certain VQA benchmarks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Boyuan Chen , Zhuo Xu , Sean Kirmani , Brian Ichter , Danny Driess , Pete Florence , Dorsa Sadigh , Leonidas Guibas , Fei Xia

The recent rapid development of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) has indicated their potential for embodied tasks.However, the critical skill of spatial understanding in embodied environments has not been thoroughly evaluated, leaving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Mengfei Du , Binhao Wu , Zejun Li , Xuanjing Huang , Zhongyu Wei

Achieving human-like spatial intelligence for vision-language models (VLMs) requires inferring 3D structures from 2D observations, recognizing object properties and relations in 3D space, and performing high-level spatial reasoning. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Huizhi Liang , Yichao Shen , Yu Deng , Sicheng Xu , Zhiyuan Feng , Tong Zhang , Yaobo Liang , Jiaolong Yang

Aerospace embodied intelligence aims to empower unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and other aerospace platforms to achieve autonomous perception, cognition, and action, as well as egocentric active interaction with humans and the environment.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Fanglong Yao , Yuanchang Yue , Youzhi Liu , Xian Sun , Kun Fu

The revolutionary capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have paved the way for multimodal large language models (MLLMs) and fostered diverse applications across various specialized domains. In the remote sensing (RS) field, however,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Dilxat Muhtar , Zhenshi Li , Feng Gu , Xueliang Zhang , Pengfeng Xiao

Aerial Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) aims to enable unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to interpret natural language instructions and navigate complex urban environments using onboard visual observation. This task holds promise for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Huilin Xu , Zhuoyang Liu , Yixiang Luomei , Feng Xu

Guide dog robots offer promising solutions to enhance mobility and safety for visually impaired individuals, addressing the limitations of traditional guide dogs, particularly in perceptual intelligence and communication. With the emergence…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-13 ByungOk Han , Woo-han Yun , Beom-Su Seo , Jaehong Kim

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN), as a widely discussed research direction in embodied intelligence, aims to enable embodied agents to navigate in complicated visual environments through natural language commands. Most existing VLN…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Youzhi Liu , Fanglong Yao , Yuanchang Yue , Guangluan Xu , Xian Sun , Kun Fu

The rapid progress of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has unlocked the potential for enhanced 3D scene understanding and spatial reasoning. A recent line of work explores learning spatial reasoning directly from multi-view images,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Kanghee Lee , Injae Lee , Minseok Kwak , Jungi Hong , Kwonyoung Ryu , Jaesik Park

Vision-and-language navigation (VLN) aims to enable embodied agents to navigate in realistic environments using natural language instructions. Given the scarcity of domain-specific training data and the high diversity of image and language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Pierre-Louis Guhur , Makarand Tapaswi , Shizhe Chen , Ivan Laptev , Cordelia Schmid

Vision-language models (VLMs) are essential to Embodied AI, enabling robots to perceive, reason, and act in complex environments. They also serve as the foundation for the recent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models. Yet most evaluations of…

While vision language models (VLMs) excel in 2D semantic visual understanding, their ability to quantitatively reason about 3D spatial relationships remains under-explored, due to the deficiency of 2D images' spatial representation ability.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Pingyi Chen , Yujing Lou , Shen Cao , Jinhui Guo , Lubin Fan , Yue Wu , Lin Yang , Lizhuang Ma , Jieping Ye

Vision-Language Models (VLMs), leveraging their powerful visual perception and reasoning capabilities, have been widely applied in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) tasks. However, the spatial intelligence capabilities of existing VLMs in UAV…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Lingfeng Zhang , Yuchen Zhang , Hongsheng Li , Haoxiang Fu , Yingbo Tang , Hangjun Ye , Long Chen , Xiaojun Liang , Xiaoshuai Hao , Wenbo Ding