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Recent advances in natural language processing (NLP) have opened up greater opportunities to enable fine-tuned large language models (LLMs) to behave as more powerful interactive agents through improved instruction-following ability.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jerry Huang , Peng Lu , Qiuhao Zeng

As large language models attract increasing attention and find widespread application, concurrent challenges of reliability also arise at the same time. Confidence calibration, an effective analysis method for gauging the reliability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Chiwei Zhu , Benfeng Xu , Quan Wang , Yongdong Zhang , Zhendong Mao

As instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) gain global adoption, their ability to follow instructions in multiple languages becomes increasingly crucial. In this work, we investigate how multilinguality during instruction tuning of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Uri Shaham , Jonathan Herzig , Roee Aharoni , Idan Szpektor , Reut Tsarfaty , Matan Eyal

Massively Multilingual Language Models (MMLMs) have recently gained popularity due to their surprising effectiveness in cross-lingual transfer. While there has been much work in evaluating these models for their performance on a variety of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Kabir Ahuja , Sunayana Sitaram , Sandipan Dandapat , Monojit Choudhury

The advent of pre-trained language models (PLMs) has enabled significant performance gains in the field of natural language processing. However, recent studies have found PLMs to suffer from miscalibration, indicating a lack of accuracy in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Geetanjali Bihani , Julia Rayz

Confidence calibration, the alignment of a model's predicted confidence with its actual accuracy, is crucial for the reliable deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, this critical property remains largely under-explored in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Ej Zhou , Caiqi Zhang , Tiancheng Hu , Chengzu Li , Nigel Collier , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen

The adaption of multilingual pre-trained LLMs into eloquent and helpful assistants is essential to facilitate their use across different language regions. In that spirit, we are the first to conduct an extensive study of the performance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Alexander Arno Weber , Klaudia Thellmann , Jan Ebert , Nicolas Flores-Herr , Jens Lehmann , Michael Fromm , Mehdi Ali

Multilingual pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) are incredibly effective at Question Answering (QA), a core task in Natural Language Understanding, achieving high accuracies on several multilingual benchmarks. However, little is known…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Yahan Yang , Soham Dan , Dan Roth , Insup Lee

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is a critical step in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human instructions and values, yet many aspects of SFT remain poorly understood. We trained a wide range of base models on a variety of datasets…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Yuto Harada , Yusuke Yamauchi , Yusuke Oda , Yohei Oseki , Yusuke Miyao , Yu Takagi

Large Language Models (LLMs) show remarkable proficiency in natural language tasks, yet their frequent overconfidence-misalignment between predicted confidence and true correctness-poses significant risks in critical decision-making…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Prateek Chhikara

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) may fail in giving reliable estimates of their predictive uncertainty. We take a close look into this problem, aiming to answer two questions: (1) Do PLMs learn to become calibrated in the training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Yangyi Chen , Lifan Yuan , Ganqu Cui , Zhiyuan Liu , Heng Ji

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable progress, but their real-world application necessitates reliable calibration. This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of calibration degradation of LLMs across four dimensions: models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Hongseok Oh , Wonseok Hwang

Quantization is an effective technique for reducing the storage footprint and computational costs of Large Language Models (LLMs), but it often results in performance degradation. Existing post-training quantization methods typically use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Everlyn Asiko Chimoto , Mostafa Elhoushi , Bruce A. Bassett

Confidence calibration, which aims to make model predictions equal to the true correctness measures, is important for neural machine translation (NMT) because it is able to offer useful indicators of translation errors in the generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Shuo Wang , Zhaopeng Tu , Shuming Shi , Yang Liu

We study the effect of one type of imbalance often present in real-life multilingual classification datasets: an uneven distribution of labels across languages. We show evidence that fine-tuning a transformer-based Large Language Model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Vincent Jung , Lonneke van der Plas

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in decision-making contexts, but when they present answers without signaling low confidence, users may unknowingly act on erroneous outputs. Prior work shows that LLMs maintain internal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Mark Steyvers , Catarina Belem , Padhraic Smyth

Instruction tuning a large language model with multiple languages can prepare it for multilingual downstream tasks. Nonetheless, it is yet to be determined whether having a handful of languages is sufficient, or whether the benefits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Shaoxiong Ji , Pinzhen Chen

Multilingual language models often perform unevenly across different languages due to limited generalization capabilities for some languages. This issue is significant because of the growing interest in making universal language models that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Gürkan Soykan , Gözde Gül Şahin

Recent advances in large language model (LLM) pruning have shown state-of-the-art (SotA) compression results in post-training and retraining-free settings while maintaining high predictive performance. However, previous research mainly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Simon Kurz , Jian-Jia Chen , Lucie Flek , Zhixue Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of tasks in various domains. Despite their impressive performance, they can be unreliable due to factual errors in their generations. Assessing their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Jiahui Geng , Fengyu Cai , Yuxia Wang , Heinz Koeppl , Preslav Nakov , Iryna Gurevych
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