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Recent research has shown that filtering massive English web corpora into high-quality subsets significantly improves training efficiency. However, for high-resource non-English languages like German, French, or Japanese, aggressive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Ansar Aynetdinov , Patrick Haller , Alan Akbik

Recent studies show that large language models (LLMs) are powerful tools for working with natural language, bringing advances in many areas of computational linguistics. However, these models face challenges when applied to low-resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Junhao Chen , Peng Shu , Yiwei Li , Huaqin Zhao , Hanqi Jiang , Yi Pan , Yifan Zhou , Zhengliang Liu , Lewis C Howe , Tianming Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are being widely researched across various disciplines, with significant recent efforts focusing on adapting LLMs for understanding of how communication networks operate. However, over-reliance on prompting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Liujianfu Wang , Yuyang Du , Jingqi Lin , Kexin Chen , Soung Chang Liew

Running Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge devices is constrained by high compute and memory demands posing a barrier for real-time applications in sectors like healthcare, education, and embedded systems. Current solutions such as…

Instruction tuning has shown great promise in improving the performance of large language models. However, research on multilingual instruction tuning has been limited due to the scarcity of high-quality instruction-response datasets across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Haonan Li , Fajri Koto , Minghao Wu , Alham Fikri Aji , Timothy Baldwin

Many pre-trained language models (PLMs) exhibit suboptimal performance on mid- and low-resource languages, largely due to limited exposure to these languages during pre-training. A common strategy to address this is to introduce new tokens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Enes Özeren , Yihong Liu , Hinrich Schütze

Federated learning systems have been identified as an efficient approach to scaling distributed model training with a large amount of participants or data owners while guaranteeing data privacy. To apply the current most popular pre-trained…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Qianli Liu , Zhaorui Zhang , Xin Yao , Benben Liu

The remarkable achievements obtained by open-source large language models (LLMs) in recent years have predominantly been concentrated on tasks involving the English language. In this paper, we aim to advance the performance of Llama2 models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 George-Andrei Dima , Andrei-Marius Avram , Cristian-George Crăciun , Dumitru-Clementin Cercel

Continual learning in Neural Machine Translation (NMT) faces the dual challenges of catastrophic forgetting and the high computational cost of retraining. This study establishes Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) as a parameter-efficient framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Salvador Carrión , Francisco Casacuberta

An important paradigm of natural language processing consists of large-scale pre-training on general domain data and adaptation to particular tasks or domains. As we pre-train larger models, full fine-tuning, which retrains all model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Edward J. Hu , Yelong Shen , Phillip Wallis , Zeyuan Allen-Zhu , Yuanzhi Li , Shean Wang , Lu Wang , Weizhu Chen

Large language models (LLMs) enhanced with retrieval augmentation has shown great performance in many applications. However, the computational demands for these models pose a challenge when applying them to real-time tasks, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Menglin Xia , Xuchao Zhang , Camille Couturier , Guoqing Zheng , Saravan Rajmohan , Victor Ruhle

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results in a wide range of natural language applications. However, they often struggle to recognize low-resource languages, in particular African languages, which are not well…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Happy Buzaaba , Alexander Wettig , David Ifeoluwa Adelani , Christiane Fellbaum

Training high-performing Small Language Models (SLMs) remains costly, even with knowledge distillation and pruning from larger teacher models. Existing work often faces three key challenges: (1) information loss from hard pruning, (2)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Jitai Hao , Qiang Huang , Hao Liu , Xinyan Xiao , Zhaochun Ren , Jun Yu

Instructing language models with user intent requires large instruction datasets, which are only available for a limited set of languages. In this paper, we explore alternatives to conventional instruction adaptation pipelines in…

This paper explores cost-efficient methods to adapt pretrained Large Language Models (LLMs) to new lower-resource languages, with a specific focus on Estonian. Leveraging the Llama 2 model, we investigate the impact of combining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Hele-Andra Kuulmets , Taido Purason , Agnes Luhtaru , Mark Fishel

Low-rank Adaptation (LoRA) has gained popularity as a fine-tuning approach for Large Language Models (LLMs) due to its low resource requirements and good performance. While a plethora of work has investigated improving LoRA serving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Minghao Yan , Zhuang Wang , Zhen Jia , Shivaram Venkataraman , Yida Wang

Large language models (LLMs) typically utilize the top-k contexts from a retriever in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). In this work, we propose a novel instruction fine-tuning framework RankRAG, which instruction-tunes a single LLM for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Yue Yu , Wei Ping , Zihan Liu , Boxin Wang , Jiaxuan You , Chao Zhang , Mohammad Shoeybi , Bryan Catanzaro

As large language models (LLMs) continue to scale in size, the computational overhead has become a major bottleneck for task-specific fine-tuning. While low-rank adaptation (LoRA) effectively curtails this cost by confining the weight…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yilang Zhang , Xiaodong Yang , Yiwei Cai , Georgios B. Giannakis

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is a predominant parameter-efficient finetuning method for adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks. Meanwhile, Compute-in-Memory (CIM) architectures demonstrate superior energy efficiency due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Taiqiang Wu , Chenchen Ding , Wenyong Zhou , Yuxin Cheng , Xincheng Feng , Shuqi Wang , Wendong Xu , Chufan Shi , Zhengwu Liu , Ngai Wong

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a widely-used parameter-efficient finetuning method for large language models. LoRA saves memory by training only low rank perturbations to selected weight matrices. In this work, we compare the performance of…