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Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecasting (TKGF) aims to predict future events based on the observed events in history. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable capabilities, generating significant research interest in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-22 He Chang , Jie Wu , Zhulin Tao , Yunshan Ma , Xianglin Huang , Tat-Seng Chua

Inferring missing facts in temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs) is a fundamental and challenging task. Previous works have approached this problem by augmenting methods for static knowledge graphs to leverage time-dependent representations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Jiapeng Wu , Meng Cao , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung , William L. Hamilton

Multi-hop question answering over knowledge graphs remains computationally challenging due to the combinatorial explosion of possible reasoning paths. Recent approaches rely on expensive Large Language Model (LLM) inference for both entity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Manil Shrestha , Edward Kim

Reading Comprehension has received significant attention in recent years as high quality Question Answering (QA) datasets have become available. Despite state-of-the-art methods achieving strong overall accuracy, Multi-Hop (MH) reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-24 Alex Long , Joel Mason , Alan Blair , Wei Wang

Inferring missing facts in temporal knowledge graphs is a critical task and has been widely explored. Extrapolation in temporal reasoning tasks is more challenging and gradually attracts the attention of researchers since no direct history…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Mengnan Zhao , Lihe Zhang , Yuqiu Kong , Baocai Yin

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated that reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) can significantly enhance reasoning abilities by directly optimizing correctness, rather than relying solely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Minbin Huang , Runhui Huang , Chuanyang Zheng , Jingyao Li , Guoxuan Chen , Han Shi , Hong Cheng

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has demonstrated its ability to enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge sources. However, multi-hop questions, which require the identification of multiple knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yuchen Yan , Peiyan Zhang , Zhihua Liu , Hao Wang , Yatao Bian , Weiming Li , Xiaoshuai Hao

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has recently been extended to multimodal settings, connecting multimodal large language models (MLLMs) with vast corpora of external knowledge such as multimodal knowledge graphs (MMKGs). Despite their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hyeongcheol Park , Jiyoung Seo , Jaewon Mun , Hogun Park , Wonmin Byeon , Sung June Kim , Hyeonsoo Im , JeungSub Lee , Sangpil Kim

Reasoning future unknowable facts on temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs) is a challenging task, holding significant academic and practical values for various fields. Existing studies exploring explainable reasoning concentrate on modeling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Wei Chen , Yuting Wu , Shuhan Wu , Zhiyu Zhang , Mengqi Liao , Youfang Lin , Huaiyu Wan

This work deals with the challenge of learning and reasoning over multi-modal multi-hop question answering (QA). We propose a graph reasoning network based on the semantic structure of the sentences to learn multi-source reasoning paths and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Navya Yarrabelly , Saloni Mittal

Recent years have witnessed much interest in temporal reasoning over knowledge graphs (KG) for complex question answering (QA), but there remains a substantial gap in human capabilities. We explore how to generalize relational graph…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Aditya Sharma , Apoorv Saxena , Chitrank Gupta , Seyed Mehran Kazemi , Partha Talukdar , Soumen Chakrabarti

Question answering over temporal knowledge graphs (TKGQA) has recently found increasing interest. TKGQA requires temporal reasoning techniques to extract the relevant information from temporal knowledge bases. The only existing TKGQA…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Zifeng Ding , Zongyue Li , Ruoxia Qi , Jingpei Wu , Bailan He , Yunpu Ma , Zhao Meng , Shuo Chen , Ruotong Liao , Zhen Han , Volker Tresp

Temporal knowledge graph (TKG) reasoning is a crucial task that has gained increasing research interest in recent years. Most existing methods focus on reasoning at past timestamps to complete the missing facts, and there are only a few…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Haohai Sun , Jialun Zhong , Yunpu Ma , Zhen Han , Kun He

Knowledge-based visual question answering (VQA) is a vision-language task that requires an agent to correctly answer image-related questions using knowledge that is not presented in the given image. It is not only a more challenging task…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Mingxiao Li , Marie-Francine Moens

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has become the dominant method for reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards in large language models, but it suffers from two critical limitations: gradient vanishing and diversity collapse.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Khiem Le , Phuc Nguyen , Youssef Mroueh , Chi-Heng Lin , Shangqian Gao , Ting Hua , Nitesh V. Chawla

Question generation (QG) attempts to solve the inverse of question answering (QA) problem by generating a natural language question given a document and an answer. While sequence to sequence neural models surpass rule-based systems for QG,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Deepak Gupta , Hardik Chauhan , Akella Ravi Tej , Asif Ekbal , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as an effective paradigm for expanding the knowledge capacity of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) by incorporating external knowledge sources into the generation process, and has been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Xu Yuan , Liangbo Ning , Qingqing Ye , Wenqi Fan , Qing Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have excelled in multi-hop question-answering (M-QA) due to their advanced reasoning abilities. However, the impact of the inherent reasoning structures on LLM M-QA performance remains unclear, largely due to…

The complex reasoning ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) poses a critical bottleneck for their practical applications. Test-time expansion methods such as Tree-of-Thought (ToT) and Graph-of-Thought (GoT) enhance reasoning by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Yujiao Yang , Jing Lian , Linhui Li

In the question answering(QA) task, multi-hop reasoning framework has been extensively studied in recent years to perform more efficient and interpretable answer reasoning on the Knowledge Graph(KG). However, multi-hop reasoning is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Yao Zhang , Peiyao Li , Hongru Liang , Adam Jatowt , Zhenglu Yang