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This paper presents AutoMarks, an automated and transferable watermarking framework that leverages graph neural networks to reduce the watermark search overheads during the placement stage. AutoMarks's novel automated watermark search is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Ruisi Zhang , Rachel Selina Rajarathnam , David Z. Pan , Farinaz Koushanfar

The rapid growth of transformer-based models increases the concerns about their integrity and ownership insurance. Watermarking addresses this issue by embedding a unique identifier into the model, while preserving its performance. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Pierre Fernandez , Guillaume Couairon , Teddy Furon , Matthijs Douze

Deepfakes refer to content synthesized using deep generators, which, when misused, have the potential to erode trust in digital media. Synthesizing high-quality deepfakes requires access to large and complex generators only a few entities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Nils Lukas , Florian Kerschbaum

Although deep neural networks have made tremendous progress in the area of multimedia representation, training neural models requires a large amount of data and time. It is well-known that utilizing trained models as initial weights often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-02-09 Yuki Nagai , Yusuke Uchida , Shigeyuki Sakazawa , Shin'ichi Satoh

Generative models can generate photorealistic images at scale. This raises urgent concerns about the ability to detect synthetically generated images and attribute these images to specific sources. While watermarking has emerged as a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Samar Fares , Nurbek Tastan , Noor Hussein , Karthik Nandakumar

Due to the rapid growth of machine learning tools and specifically deep networks in various computer vision and image processing areas, application of Convolutional Neural Networks for watermarking have recently emerged. In this paper, we…

In the era of costly pre-training of large language models, ensuring the intellectual property rights of model owners, and insuring that said models are responsibly deployed, is becoming increasingly important. To this end, we propose model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Vaden Masrani , Mohammad Akbari , David Ming Xuan Yue , Ahmad Rezaei , Yong Zhang

Increasing production and exchange of multimedia content has increased the need for better protection of copyright by means of watermarking. Different methods have been proposed to satisfy the tradeoff between imperceptibility and…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2017-09-12 Majid Mohrekesh , Shekoofeh Azizi , Shahram Shirani , Nader Karimi , Shadrokh Samavi

Visible watermark plays an important role in image copyright protection and the robustness of a visible watermark to an attack is shown to be essential. To evaluate and improve the effectiveness of watermark, watermark removal attracts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Xiang Li , Chan Lu , Danni Cheng , Wei-Hong Li , Mei Cao , Bo Liu , Jiechao Ma , Wei-Shi Zheng

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) necessitates efficient mechanisms to distinguish machine-generated content from human text. While statistical watermarking has emerged as a promising solution, existing methods suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Baihe Huang , Eric Xu , Kannan Ramchandran , Jiantao Jiao , Michael I. Jordan

Visible watermark removal which involves watermark cleaning and background content restoration is pivotal to evaluate the resilience of watermarks. Existing deep neural network (DNN)-based models still struggle with large-area watermarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yicheng Leng , Chaowei Fang , Junye Chen , Yixiang Fang , Sheng Li , Guanbin Li

The indistinguishability of AI-generated content from human text raises challenges in transparency and accountability. While several methods exist to watermark models behind APIs, embedding watermark strategies directly into model weights…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Fay Elhassan , Niccolò Ajroldi , Antonio Orvieto , Jonas Geiping

The widespread deployment of high-fidelity generative models has intensified the need for reliable mechanisms for provenance and content authentication. In-processing watermarking, embedding a signature into the generative model's synthesis…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Anirudh Nakra , Min Wu

The proliferation of hyper-realistic images from Latent Diffusion Models (LDMs) demands robust watermarking, yet existing post-hoc methods are prohibitively slow due to iterative optimization or inversion processes. We introduce PhaseMark,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Sung Ju Lee , Nam Ik Cho

Latent Diffusion Models (LDMs) have established themselves as powerful tools in the rapidly evolving field of image generation, capable of producing highly realistic images. However, their widespread adoption raises critical concerns about…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Zhonghao Yang , Linye Lyu , Xuanhang Chang , Daojing He , YU LI

Generative code models (GCMs) significantly enhance development efficiency through automated code generation and code summarization. However, building and training these models require computational resources and time, necessitating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Haoxuan Li , Jiale Zhang , Xiaobing Sun , Xiapu Luo

With the application of vertical domain pre-trained language models (VPLMs) in specialized fields such as medical, finance, and law, model parameters and inference capabilities have become important digital assets. Achieving traceable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Cong Kong , Xin Cheng , Zhaoxia Yin , Shuai Li , Jie Zhang , Weiming Zhang

Verifying the authenticity of AI-generated text has become increasingly important with the rapid advancement of large language models, and unbiased watermarking has emerged as a promising approach due to its ability to preserve output…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yihan Wu , Xuehao Cui , Ruibo Chen , Heng Huang

The widespread use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in text generation has raised increasing concerns about intellectual property disputes. Watermarking techniques, which embed meta information into AI-generated content (AIGC), have the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Shangkun Che , Silin Du , Ge Gao

Typically, foundation models are hosted on cloud servers to meet the high demand for their services. However, this exposes them to security risks, as attackers can modify them after uploading to the cloud or transferring from a local…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Zhaoxia Yin , Heng Yin , Hang Su , Xinpeng Zhang , Zhenzhe Gao