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Spatially coupled, parallel concatenated codes (SC-PCCs) have been shown to approach channel capacity when decoded using optimal iterative methods. However, under complexity constraints such decoding strategies can result in unacceptable…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Andrew D. Cummins , David G. M. Mitchell , Daniel J. Costello,

The discovery of new quantum error-correcting codes that encode several logical qubits into relatively few physical qubits motivates the development of efficient and accurate methods of decoding these systems. Here, we adopt the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Kaavya Sahay , Dominic J. Williamson , Benjamin J. Brown

Quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) are necessary for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Surface codes are a class of topological QECCs that have attracted significant attention due to their exceptional error-correcting capabilities and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Jifan Liang , Qianfan Wang , Lvzhou Li , Xiao Ma

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for operating quantum computers in the presence of noise. Here, we accurately decode arbitrary Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) codes via the maximum satisfiability (MaxSAT) problem. We show how to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-03 Mohammadreza Noormandipour , Tobias Haug

Recently, a class of fractal surface codes (FSCs), has been constructed on fractal lattices with Hausdorff dimension $2+\epsilon$, which admits a fault-tolerant non-Clifford CCZ gate. We investigate the performance of such FSCs as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-27 Arpit Dua , Tomas Jochym-O'Connor , Guanyu Zhu

Quantum error correction (QEC) is indispensable for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computation, yet its effectiveness hinges critically on the classical decoding algorithm that interprets noisy syndrome measurements. Among all possible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Hanyan Cao , Ge Yan , Yuxuan Du , Feng Pan

We map the decoding problem of the surface code under depolarizing and syndrome noise to a disordered spin model, which we call the random coupled-plaquette gauge model (RCPGM). By coupling X- and Z-syndrome volumes, this model allows us to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-19 Manuel Rispler , Davide Vodola , Markus Müller , Seyong Kim

The recently-discovered polar codes are seen as a major breakthrough in coding theory; they provably achieve the theoretical capacity of discrete memoryless channels using the low complexity successive cancellation (SC) decoding algorithm.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Camille Leroux , Alexandre J. Raymond , Gabi Sarkis , Ido Tal , Alexander Vardy , Warren J. Gross

We propose a method to determine the critical noise level for decoding Gallager type low density parity check error correcting codes. The method is based on the magnetization enumerator ($\cM$), rather than on the weight enumerator ($\cW$)…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 J. van Mourik , D. Saad , Y. Kabashima

Maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding for arbitrary block codes remains fundamentally hard, with worst-case time complexity-measured by the total number of multiplications-being no better than straightforward exhaustive search, which requires…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Hoang Ly , Emina Soljanin , Michael Schleppy

We present a novel algorithm that solves the turbo code LP decoding problem in a fininte number of steps by Euclidean distance minimizations, which in turn rely on repeated shortest path computations in the trellis graph representing the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-03-18 Michael Helmling , Stefan Ruzika

A two-part successive syndrome-check decoding of polar codes is proposed with the first part successively refining the received codeword and the second part checking its syndrome. A new formulation of the successive-cancellation (SC)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Seyyed Ali Hashemi , Marco Mondelli , John Cioffi , Andrea Goldsmith

Successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding enables polar codes and their generalizations to deliver satisfactory performance in finite-length scenarios but it comes with high latency and complexity. To reduce latency, a partitioned SCL…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Xinyuanmeng Yao , Xiao Ma

Quantum error correction is a key ingredient for large scale quantum computation, protecting logical information from physical noise by encoding it into many physical qubits. Topological stabilizer codes are particularly appealing due to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Hoang Viet Nguyen , Manh Hung Nguyen , Hoang Ta , Van Khu Vu , Yeow Meng Chee

Due to the sequential nature of the successive-cancellation (SC) algorithm, the decoding of polar codes suffers from significant decoding latencies. Fast SC decoding is able to speed up the SC decoding process, by implementing parallel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Yang Lu , Ming-Min Zhao , Ming Lei , Min-Jian Zhao

Maximum Likelihood (ML) decoding is the optimal decoding algorithm for arbitrary linear block codes and can be written as an Integer Programming (IP) problem. Feldman et al. relaxed this IP problem and presented Linear Programming (LP)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-12-16 Akin Tanatmis , Stefan Ruzika , Horst W. Hamacher , Mayur Punekar , Frank Kienle , Norbert Wehn

In this paper, a novel decoding algorithm for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes based on convex optimization is presented. The decoding algorithm, called interior point decoding, is designed for linear vector channels. The linear vector…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-11-13 Tadashi Wadayama

This paper considers the average complexity of maximum likelihood (ML) decoding of convolutional codes. ML decoding can be modeled as finding the most probable path taken through a Markov graph. Integrated with the Viterbi algorithm (VA),…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Jie Luo

Spinal codes are a type of capacity-achieving rateless codes that have been proved to approach the Shannon capacity over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and the binary symmetric channel (BSC). In this paper, we aim to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Aimin Li , Shaohua Wu , Jian Jiao , Ning Zhang , Qinyu Zhang

The classic lower bound of Kuhn, Moscibroda and Wattenhofer [JACM 2016] states that approximate maximum matching and approximate vertex cover (among other problems) in the LOCAL model require $\Omega(\min\{\sqrt{\frac{\log n}{\log\log n}},…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Peter Davies-Peck