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Diversity is an essential metric for evaluating the creativity of outputs generated by language models. Temperature-based sampling is a common strategy to increase diversity. However, for tasks that require high precision, e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Sergey Troshin , Wafaa Mohammed , Yan Meng , Christof Monz , Antske Fokkens , Vlad Niculae

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has led to architectures with billions to trillions of parameters, posing significant deployment challenges due to their substantial demands on memory, processing power, and energy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Enshu Liu , Junyi Zhu , Zinan Lin , Xuefei Ning , Matthew B. Blaschko , Shengen Yan , Guohao Dai , Huazhong Yang , Yu Wang

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) is a widely known neural architecture where an ensemble of specialized sub-models optimizes overall performance with a constant computational cost. However, conventional MoEs pose challenges at scale due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Ted Zadouri , Ahmet Üstün , Arash Ahmadian , Beyza Ermiş , Acyr Locatelli , Sara Hooker

We propose Tensor-Trained Low-Rank Adaptation Mixture of Experts (TT-LoRA MoE), a novel computational framework integrating Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) with sparse MoE routing to address scalability challenges in large model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Pradip Kunwar , Minh N. Vu , Maanak Gupta , Mahmoud Abdelsalam , Manish Bhattarai

Recent large language models such as Gemini-1.5, DeepSeek-V3, and Llama-4 increasingly adopt Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures, which offer strong efficiency-performance trade-offs by activating only a fraction of the model per token.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Hao Kang , Zichun Yu , Chenyan Xiong

Evaluating model robustness is critical when developing trustworthy models not only to gain deeper understanding of model behavior, strengths, and weaknesses, but also to develop future models that are generalizable and robust across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Maria Glenski , Ellyn Ayton , Robin Cosbey , Dustin Arendt , Svitlana Volkova

Scaling the size of a model enhances its capabilities but significantly increases computation complexity. Mixture-of-Experts models (MoE) address the issue by allowing model size to scale up without substantially increasing training or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Zhenpeng Su , Zijia Lin , Xue Bai , Xing Wu , Yizhe Xiong , Haoran Lian , Guangyuan Ma , Hui Chen , Guiguang Ding , Wei Zhou , Songlin Hu

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly assist software engineering tasks that require reasoning over long code contexts, yet their robustness under varying input conditions remains unclear. We conduct a systematic study of long-context…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Kishan Maharaj , Nandakishore Menon , Ashita Saxena , Srikanth Tamilselvam

Reasoning has emerged as the next major frontier for language models (LMs), with rapid advances from both academic and industrial labs. However, this progress often outpaces methodological rigor, with many evaluations relying on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Andreas Hochlehnert , Hardik Bhatnagar , Vishaal Udandarao , Samuel Albanie , Ameya Prabhu , Matthias Bethge

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become widely used for Software Engineering (SE) tasks, spanning from function-level code generation to complex repository-level workflows. However, the high latency of autoregressive inference remains a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yijia Li , Junkai Chen , Xing Hu , Xin Xia

Despite the remarkable success of pre-trained language models (PLMs), they still face two challenges: First, large-scale PLMs are inefficient in terms of memory footprint and computation. Second, on the downstream tasks, PLMs tend to rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Yuanxin Liu , Fandong Meng , Zheng Lin , Jiangnan Li , Peng Fu , Yanan Cao , Weiping Wang , Jie Zhou

Large language models excel on math benchmarks, but their math reasoning robustness to linguistic variation is underexplored. While recent work increasingly treats high-difficulty competitions like the IMO as the gold standard for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Neeraja Kirtane , Yuvraj Khanna , Peter Relan

Large language models (LLMs) are being increasingly adopted in the software engineering domain, yet the robustness of their grasp on core software design concepts remains unclear. We conduct an empirical study to systematically evaluate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Mootez Saad , Boqi Chen , José Antonio Hernández López , Dániel Varró , Tushar Sharma

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models are a promising way to scale up model capacity without significantly increasing computational cost. A key component of MoEs is the router, which decides which subset of parameters (experts) process which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Tianlin Liu , Mathieu Blondel , Carlos Riquelme , Joan Puigcerver

Recent advances in large language models highlighted the excessive quadratic cost of self-attention. Despite the significant research efforts, subquadratic attention methods still suffer from inferior performance in practice. We hypothesize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Piotr Piękos , Róbert Csordás , Jürgen Schmidhuber

We take an information theoretic perspective on a classical sparse-sampling noisy linear model and present an analytical expression for the mutual information, which plays central role in a variety of communications/processing problems.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-03-25 Wasim Huleihel , Neri Merhav , Shlomo Shamai

Markovian population models are suitable abstractions to describe well-mixed interacting particle systems in situation where stochastic fluctuations are significant due to the involvement of low copy particles. In molecular biology,…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2014-01-17 Christoph Zechner , Federico Wadehn , Heinz Koeppl

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) large language models (LLMs), which leverage dynamic routing and sparse activation to enhance efficiency and scalability, have achieved higher performance while reducing computational costs. However, these models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Xing Hu , Zhixuan Chen , Dawei Yang , Zukang Xu , Chen Xu , Zhihang Yuan , Sifan Zhou , Jiangyong Yu

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures route each token through a subset of experts at each layer independently. We propose viewing MoE computation through the lens of \emph{expert paths} -- the sequence of expert selections a token…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Zijin Gu , Tatiana Likhomanenko , Vimal Thilak , Jason Ramapuram , Navdeep Jaitly

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve impressive accuracy on mathematical reasoning benchmarks, yet their performance drops when problems are modified with simple changes like different names or numbers. Code execution methods, which let…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Matthew Kutakh