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Recommender systems play a central role in numerous real-life applications, yet evaluating their performance remains a significant challenge due to the gap between offline metrics and online behaviors. Given the scarcity and limits (e.g.,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Nicolas Bougie , Narimasa Watanabe

A long-standing challenge in developing accurate recommendation models is simulating user behavior, mainly due to the complex and stochastic nature of user interactions. Towards this, one promising line of work has been the use of Large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Himanshu Thakur , Eshani Agrawal , Smruthi Mukund

Effective modeling of how human travelers learn and adjust their travel behavior from interacting with transportation systems is critical for system assessment and planning. However, this task is also difficult due to the complex cognition…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Tianming Liu , Jirong Yang , Yafeng Yin , Manzi Li , Linghao Wang , Zheng Zhu

The emergence of agentic recommender systems powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) represents a paradigm shift in personalized recommendations, leveraging LLMs' advanced reasoning and role-playing capabilities to enable autonomous,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Yu Shang , Peijie Liu , Yuwei Yan , Zijing Wu , Leheng Sheng , Yuanqing Yu , Chumeng Jiang , An Zhang , Fengli Xu , Yu Wang , Min Zhang , Yong Li

Recommender systems are central to online services, enabling users to navigate through massive amounts of content across various domains. However, their evaluation remains challenging due to the disconnect between offline metrics and online…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Nicolas Bougie , Gian Maria Marconi , Xiaotong Ye , Narimasa Watanabe

Recently, there has been an emergence of employing LLM-powered agents as believable human proxies, based on their remarkable decision-making capability. However, existing studies mainly focus on simulating human dialogue. Human non-verbal…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Junjie Zhang , Yupeng Hou , Ruobing Xie , Wenqi Sun , Julian McAuley , Wayne Xin Zhao , Leyu Lin , Ji-Rong Wen

Recommender systems are essential components of many online platforms, yet traditional approaches still struggle with understanding complex user preferences and providing explainable recommendations. The emergence of Large Language Model…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Qiyao Peng , Hongtao Liu , Hua Huang , Qing Yang , Minglai Shao

Training agents to act competently in complex 3D environments from high-dimensional visual information is challenging. Reinforcement learning is conventionally used to train such agents, but requires a carefully designed reward function,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Adam Jelley , Yuhan Cao , Dave Bignell , Amos Storkey , Sam Devlin , Tabish Rashid

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as simulated participants in social science experiments, but their behavior is often unstable and highly sensitive to design choices. Prior evaluations frequently conflate base-model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xuan Liu , Haoyang Shang , Zizhang Liu , Xinyan Liu , Yunze Xiao , Yiwen Tu , Haojian Jin

Agent-Based Modelling (ABM) has emerged as an essential tool for simulating social networks, encompassing diverse phenomena such as information dissemination, influence dynamics, and community formation. However, manually configuring varied…

Artificial General Intelligence falls short when communicating role specific nuances to other systems. This is more pronounced when building autonomous LLM agents capable and designed to communicate with each other for real world problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Rabimba Karanjai , Weidong Shi

Simulations, although powerful in accurately replicating real-world systems, often remain inaccessible to non-technical users due to their complexity. Conversely, large language models (LLMs) provide intuitive, language-based interactions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Jacob Kleiman , Kevin Frank , Joseph Voyles , Sindy Campagna

LLM-powered agents are both a promising new technology and a source of complexity, where choices about models, tools, and prompting can affect their usefulness. While numerous benchmarks measure agent accuracy across domains, they mostly…

LLM-based user simulation is the primary mechanism for end-to-end agent evaluation, yet simulated users are poor proxies for real humans: unconstrained LLM defaults produce a Formalism Ceiling (style match rates of 6-8% against real users),…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Ming Zhu , Juntao Tan , Rithesh Murthy , Jielin Qiu , Liangwei Yang , Wenting Zhao , Silvio Savarese , Shelby Heinecke , Huan Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to simulate how specific users respond to a given context, enabling more user-centric applications that rely on user feedback. However, existing user simulators mostly imitate surface-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Shirley Wu , Evelyn Choi , Arpandeep Khatua , Zhanghan Wang , Joy He-Yueya , Tharindu Cyril Weerasooriya , Wei Wei , Diyi Yang , Jure Leskovec , James Zou

Inspired by the exceptional general intelligence of Large Language Models (LLMs), researchers have begun to explore their application in pioneering the next generation of recommender systems - systems that are conversational, explainable,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Wensheng Lu , Jianxun Lian , Wei Zhang , Guanghua Li , Mingyang Zhou , Hao Liao , Xing Xie

Simulating consumer decision-making is vital for designing and evaluating marketing strategies before costly real-world deployment. However, post-event analyses and rule-based agent-based models (ABMs) struggle to capture the complexity of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Man-Lin Chu , Lucian Terhorst , Kadin Reed , Tom Ni , Weiwei Chen , Rongyu Lin

User simulators can rapidly generate a large volume of timely user behavior data, providing a testing platform for reinforcement learning-based recommender systems, thus accelerating their iteration and optimization. However, prevalent user…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Zijian Zhang , Shuchang Liu , Ziru Liu , Rui Zhong , Qingpeng Cai , Xiangyu Zhao , Chunxu Zhang , Qidong Liu , Peng Jiang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly proposed as agents in strategic decision environments, yet their behavior in structured geopolitical simulations remains under-researched. We evaluate six popular state-of-the-art LLMs alongside…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Veronika Solopova , Viktoria Skorik , Maksym Tereshchenko , Alina Haidun , Ostap Vykhopen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great potential in Conversational Recommender Systems (CRS). However, the application of LLMs to CRS has exposed a notable discrepancy in behavior between LLM-based CRS and human recommenders:…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Dayu Yang , Fumian Chen , Hui Fang
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