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Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated impressive language/vision reasoning abilities, igniting the recent trend of building agents for targeted applications such as shopping assistants or AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Liqiang Jing , Zhehui Huang , Xiaoyang Wang , Wenlin Yao , Wenhao Yu , Kaixin Ma , Hongming Zhang , Xinya Du , Dong Yu

We present a framework for training large language models (LLMs) as diagnostic agents with reinforcement learning, enabling them to manage multi-turn interactive diagnostic processes, adaptively select examinations, and commit to final…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Pengcheng Qiu , Chaoyi Wu , Junwei Liu , Qiaoyu Zheng , Yusheng Liao , Haowen Wang , Yun Yue , Qianrui Fan , Shuai Zhen , Jian Wang , Jinjie Gu , Yanfeng Wang , Ya Zhang , Weidi Xie

Existing benchmarks do not test language agents on their interaction with human users or ability to follow domain-specific rules, both of which are vital for deploying them in real world applications. We propose $\tau$-bench, a benchmark…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Shunyu Yao , Noah Shinn , Pedram Razavi , Karthik Narasimhan

Evaluating the performance of LLMs in multi-turn human-agent interactions presents significant challenges, particularly due to the complexity and variability of user behavior. In this paper, we introduce HammerBench, a novel benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jun Wang , Jiamu Zhou , Muning Wen , Xiaoyun Mo , Haoyu Zhang , Qiqiang Lin , Cheng Jin , Xihuai Wang , Weinan Zhang , Qiuying Peng , Jun Wang

In recent years, multi-agent frameworks powered by large language models (LLMs) have advanced rapidly. Despite this progress, there is still a notable absence of benchmark datasets specifically tailored to evaluate their performance. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Lei Shen , Xiaoyu Shen

The rapid adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) in interactive systems has enabled the creation of dynamic, open-ended Role-Playing Agents (RPAs). However, evaluating these agents remains a significant challenge, as standard NLP metrics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Riccardo Rosati , Edoardo Colucci , Massimiliano Bolognini , Adriano Mancini , Paolo Sernani

LLM-based agents represent a paradigm shift in AI, enabling autonomous systems to plan, reason, and use tools while interacting with dynamic environments. This paper provides the first comprehensive survey of evaluation methods for these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Asaf Yehudai , Lilach Eden , Alan Li , Guy Uziel , Yilun Zhao , Roy Bar-Haim , Arman Cohan , Michal Shmueli-Scheuer

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced the development of various AI conversational agents, including role-playing conversational agents that mimic diverse characters and human behaviors. While prior research has predominantly focused…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Hongzhan Chen , Hehong Chen , Ming Yan , Wenshen Xu , Xing Gao , Weizhou Shen , Xiaojun Quan , Chenliang Li , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Jingren Zhou

Recent advances in large reasoning models LRMs have enabled agentic search systems to perform complex multi-step reasoning across multiple sources. However, most studies focus on general information retrieval and rarely explores vertical…

While LLM-Based agents, which use external tools to solve complex problems, have made significant progress, benchmarking their ability is challenging, thereby hindering a clear understanding of their limitations. In this paper, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Chuyu Zhang , Songyang Zhang , Yingfan Hu , Haowen Shen , Kuikun Liu , Zerun Ma , Fengzhe Zhou , Wenwei Zhang , Xuming He , Dahua Lin , Kai Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) and LLM-based agents show great promise in accelerating scientific research. Existing benchmarks for measuring this potential and guiding future development continue to evolve from pure recall and rote knowledge…

We propose OutboundEval, a comprehensive benchmark for evaluating large language models (LLMs) in expert-level intelligent outbound calling scenarios. Unlike existing methods that suffer from three key limitations - insufficient dataset…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Pengyu Xu , Shijia Li , Ao Sun , Feng Zhang , Yahan Li , Bo Wu , Zhanyu Ma , Jiguo Li , Jun Xu , Jiuchong Gao , Jinghua Hao , Renqing He , Rui Wang , Yang Liu , Xiaobo Hu , Fan Yang , Jia Zheng , Guanghua Yao

Current evaluations of Large Language Model (LLM) agents primarily emphasize task completion, often overlooking resource efficiency and adaptability. This neglects a crucial capability: agents' ability to devise and adjust cost-optimal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Jiayu Liu , Cheng Qian , Zhaochen Su , Qing Zong , Shijue Huang , Bingxiang He , Yi R. Fung

We introduce xbench, a dynamic, profession-aligned evaluation suite designed to bridge the gap between AI agent capabilities and real-world productivity. While existing benchmarks often focus on isolated technical skills, they may not…

Clinical reasoning in medicine is a hypothesis-driven process where physicians refine diagnoses from limited information through targeted history, physical examination, and diagnostic investigations. In contrast, current medical benchmarks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Christopher Chiu , Silviu Pitis , Mihaela van der Schaar

LLMs and VLMs are increasingly deployed as embodied agents, yet existing benchmarks largely revolve around simple short-term tasks and struggle to capture rich realistic constraints that shape real-world decision making. To close this gap,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Lingjun Mao , Jiawei Ren , Kun Zhou , Jixuan Chen , Ziqiao Ma , Lianhui Qin

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly leveraged to empower autonomous agents to simulate human beings in various fields of behavioral research. However, evaluating their capacity to navigate complex social interactions remains a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Xinyi Mou , Jingcong Liang , Jiayu Lin , Xinnong Zhang , Xiawei Liu , Shiyue Yang , Rong Ye , Lei Chen , Haoyu Kuang , Xuanjing Huang , Zhongyu Wei

Developing compassionate interactive systems requires agents to not only understand user emotions but also provide diverse, substantive support. While recent works explore empathetic dialogue generation, they remain limited in response form…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhaopei Huang , Yanfeng Jia , Jiayi Zhao , Xinjie Zhang , Wenxuan Wang , Qin Jin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to enhance Agent-Based Modeling by better representing complex interdependent cybersecurity systems, improving cybersecurity threat modeling and risk management. However, evaluating LLMs in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Tam n. Nguyen

As language models (LMs) evolve from chat assistants to long-horizon agents capable of multi-step reasoning and tool use, existing benchmarks remain largely confined to structured or exam-style tasks that fall short of real-world…