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Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising interface for intent-driven control of autonomous cyber-physical systems, but their direct use in mission-critical Internet of Battlefield Things (IoBT) environments raises significant safety,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Om Solanki , Lopamudra Praharaj , Deepti Gupta , Maanak Gupta

Jailbreaking large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a critical security challenge with the widespread deployment of conversational AI systems. Adversarial users exploit these models through carefully crafted prompts to elicit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Sri Durga Sai Sowmya Kadali , Evangelos E. Papalexakis

Internet of Things (IoT) has gained widespread popularity, revolutionizing industries and daily life. However, it has also emerged as a prime target for attacks. Numerous efforts have been made to improve IoT security, and substantial IoT…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Ye Dong , Yan Lin Aung , Sudipta Chattopadhyay , Jianying Zhou

The irreversible nature of blockchain transactions makes the identification of smart contract vulnerabilities an essential requirement for secure system development. While Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Stefan-Claudiu Susan , Andrei Arusoaie , Dorel Lucanu

Hacking poses a significant threat to cybersecurity, inflicting billions of dollars in damages annually. To mitigate these risks, ethical hacking, or penetration testing, is employed to identify vulnerabilities in systems and networks.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Isamu Isozaki , Manil Shrestha , Rick Console , Edward Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been suggested for use in automated vulnerability repair, but benchmarks showing they can consistently identify security-related bugs are lacking. We thus develop SecLLMHolmes, a fully automated evaluation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Saad Ullah , Mingji Han , Saurabh Pujar , Hammond Pearce , Ayse Coskun , Gianluca Stringhini

Background Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in medical consultations, yet their safety under realistic user pressures remains understudied. Prior assessments focused on neutral conditions, overlooking vulnerabilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Vahideh Zolfaghari

Large language models (LLMs) can be used to analyze cyber threat intelligence (CTI) data from cybercrime forums, which contain extensive information and key discussions about emerging cyber threats. However, to date, the level of accuracy…

This paper presents a novel approach to intrusion detection by integrating traditional signature-based methods with the contextual understanding capabilities of the GPT-2 Large Language Model (LLM). As cyber threats become increasingly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Mohammad F. Al-Hammouri , Yazan Otoum , Rasha Atwa , Amiya Nayak

The increasing integration of Industrial IoT (IIoT) exposes critical cyber-physical systems to sophisticated, multi-stage attacks that elude traditional defenses lacking contextual awareness. This paper introduces L2M-AID, a novel framework…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Tianxiang Xu , Zhichao Wen , Xinyu Zhao , Jun Wang , Yan Li , Chang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as GPT-3, have demonstrated remarkable natural language processing and generation capabilities and have been applied to a variety tasks, such as source code generation. This paper explores the potential of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Simon Diemert , Jens H Weber

Analyzing Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) from large volumes of data is critical for drafting and publishing comprehensive CTI reports. This process usually follows a three-stage workflow -- triage, deep search and TI drafting. While Large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Xiangsen Chen , Xuan Feng , Shuo Chen , Matthieu Maitre , Sudipto Rakshit , Diana Duvieilh , Ashley Picone , Nan Tang

Enterprise security faces escalating threats from sophisticated malware, compounded by expanding digital operations. This paper presents the first systematic evaluation of large language models (LLMs) to proactively identify indicators of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Aniesh Chawla , Udbhav Prasad

Larger language models (LLMs) have taken the world by storm with their massive multi-tasking capabilities simply by optimizing over a next-word prediction objective. With the emergence of their properties and encoded knowledge, the risk of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Rishabh Bhardwaj , Soujanya Poria

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in natural language reasoning, yet their application to Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) remains limited. CTI analysis involves distilling large volumes of unstructured…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Md Tanvirul Alam , Dipkamal Bhusal , Salman Ahmad , Nidhi Rastogi , Peter Worth

IoT platforms, particularly smart home platforms providing significant convenience to people's lives such as Apple HomeKit and Samsung SmartThings, allow users to create automation rules through trigger-action programming. However, some…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Ye Cheng , Minghui Xu , Yue Zhang , Kun Li , Ruoxi Wang , Lian Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have been used in many application domains, including cyber security. The application of LLMs in the cyber security domain presents significant opportunities, such as for enhancing threat analysis and malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Adel ElZemity , Budi Arief , Shujun Li

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming attractive as few-shot reasoners to solve Natural Language (NL)-related tasks. However, the understanding of their capability to process structured data like tables remains an under-explored area.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Yuan Sui , Mengyu Zhou , Mingjie Zhou , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capacities on various tasks, and integrating the capacities of LLMs into the Internet of Things (IoT) applications has drawn much research attention recently. Due to security…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Bin Xiao , Burak Kantarci , Jiawen Kang , Dusit Niyato , Mohsen Guizani

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to help security analysts manage the surge of cyber threats, automating tasks from vulnerability assessment to incident response. Yet in operational CTI workflows, reliability gaps remain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yuqiao Meng , Luoxi Tang , Feiyang Yu , Jinyuan Jia , Guanhua Yan , Ping Yang , Zhaohan Xi