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We introduce a novel framework for consolidating multi-turn adversarial ``jailbreak'' prompts into single-turn queries, significantly reducing the manual overhead required for adversarial testing of large language models (LLMs). While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Junwoo Ha , Hyunjun Kim , Sangyoon Yu , Haon Park , Ashkan Yousefpour , Yuna Park , Suhyun Kim

Large Language Model (LLM) safety guardrail models have emerged as a primary defense mechanism against harmful content generation, yet their robustness against sophisticated adversarial attacks remains poorly characterized. This study…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Richard J. Young

Large language models are increasingly used for mental health support, yet their conversational coherence alone does not ensure clinical appropriateness. Existing general-purpose safeguards often fail to distinguish between therapeutic…

The trend towards large language models (LLMs) for guardrailing against undesired behaviors is increasing and has shown promise for censoring user inputs. However, increased latency, memory consumption, hosting expenses and non-structured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 James O' Neill , Santhosh Subramanian , Eric Lin , Vaikkunth Mugunthan

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed behind safety guardrails such as system prompts and content filters, especially in settings where product teams cannot modify model weights. In practice these guardrails are typically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Perry Abdulkadir

Large language models (LLMs) have acquired the ability to handle longer context lengths and understand nuances in text, expanding their dialogue capabilities beyond a single utterance. A popular user-facing application of LLMs is the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Terry Tong , Jiashu Xu , Qin Liu , Muhao Chen

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly deployed in interactive applications. However, their safety vulnerabilities become pronounced in multi-turn multi-modal scenarios, where harmful intent can be gradually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Han Zhu , Jiale Chen , Chengkun Cai , Shengjie Sun , Haoran Li , Yujin Zhou , Chi-Min Chan , Pengcheng Wen , Lei Li , Sirui Han , Yike Guo

Reasoning-based language models have demonstrated strong performance across various domains, with the most notable gains seen in mathematical and coding tasks. Recent research has shown that reasoning also offers significant benefits for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Makesh Narsimhan Sreedhar , Traian Rebedea , Christopher Parisien

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made remarkable strides, largely driven by their ability to process increasingly long and complex contexts, such as high-resolution images, extended video sequences, and lengthy audio input.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Kele Shao , Keda Tao , Kejia Zhang , Sicheng Feng , Mu Cai , Yuzhang Shang , Haoxuan You , Can Qin , Yang Sui , Huan Wang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) based agents have demonstrated remarkable potential in autonomous web navigation. However, handling long-horizon tasks remains a critical bottleneck. Prevailing strategies often rely heavily on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Dawei Yan , Haokui Zhang , Guangda Huzhang , Yang Li , Yibo Wang , Qing-Guo Chen , Zhao Xu , Weihua Luo , Ying Li , Wei Dong , Chunhua Shen

Recent large language model (LLM) defenses have greatly improved models' ability to refuse harmful queries, even when adversarially attacked. However, LLM defenses are primarily evaluated against automated adversarial attacks in a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Nathaniel Li , Ziwen Han , Ian Steneker , Willow Primack , Riley Goodside , Hugh Zhang , Zifan Wang , Cristina Menghini , Summer Yue

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has increased the need for guardrail models to ensure responsible use, particularly in detecting unsafe and illegal content. While substantial safety data exist in English, multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Yihe Deng , Yu Yang , Junkai Zhang , Wei Wang , Bo Li

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) excel in visual understanding and reasoning, but the excessive visual tokens lead to high inference costs. Although recent token reduction methods mitigate this issue, they mainly target single-turn…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yi Wang , Haofei Zhang , Qihan Huang , Anda Cao , Gongfan Fang , Wei Wang , Xuan Jin , Jie Song , Mingli Song , Xinchao Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are susceptible to adversarial attacks such as jailbreaking, which can elicit harmful or unsafe behaviors. This vulnerability is exacerbated in multilingual settings, where multilingual safety-aligned data is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Yahan Yang , Soham Dan , Shuo Li , Dan Roth , Insup Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated powerful capabilities that render them valuable in different applications, including conversational AI products. It is paramount to ensure the security and reliability of these products by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Melissa Kazemi Rad , Huy Nghiem , Andy Luo , Sahil Wadhwa , Mohammad Sorower , Stephen Rawls

We present GuardReasoner-Omni, a reasoning-based guardrail model designed to moderate text, image, video, and audio data. First, we construct a comprehensive training corpus comprising 181k samples spanning these four modalities. Our…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zhenhao Zhu , Yue Liu , Yanpei Guo , Wenjie Qu , Cancan Chen , Yufei He , Yibo Li , Yulin Chen , Tianyi Wu , Huiying Xu , Xinzhong Zhu , Jiaheng Zhang

Ensuring the safety of large language models (LLMs) is critical as they are deployed in real-world applications. Existing guardrails rely on rule-based filtering or single-pass classification, limiting their ability to handle nuanced safety…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Xiaofei Wen , Wenxuan Zhou , Wenjie Jacky Mo , Muhao Chen

Current end-to-end spoken language models (SLMs) have made notable progress, yet they still encounter considerable response latency. This delay primarily arises from the autoregressive generation of speech tokens and the reliance on complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yuhao Wang , Ziyang Cheng , Heyang Liu , Ronghua Wu , Qunshan Gu , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

In this work, we aim to compress the vision tokens of a Large Vision Language Model (LVLM) into a representation that is simultaneously suitable for (a) generative and (b) discriminative tasks, (c) is nearly lossless, and (d) is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Adrian Bulat , Yassine Ouali , Georgios Tzimiropoulos

As LLMs increasingly impact safety-critical applications, ensuring their safety using guardrails remains a key challenge. This paper proposes GuardReasoner, a new safeguard for LLMs, by guiding the guard model to learn to reason.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Yue Liu , Hongcheng Gao , Shengfang Zhai , Yufei He , Jun Xia , Zhengyu Hu , Yulin Chen , Xihong Yang , Jiaheng Zhang , Stan Z. Li , Hui Xiong , Bryan Hooi
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