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Recently, based on the curve-integral formulation for stringy Tr$\phi^3$ amplitudes, a combinatorial formulation for Yang-Mills amplitudes has been proposed which describes gluons using pairs of scalars and produces the $n$-gluon amplitude…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-19 Jin Dong , Yong-Xiang Su , Dongyu Yang

The YM theory has been generalized to 2YM and 3YM theories. Similarly, we generalize the BFYM theory to "2BFYM" and "3BFYM" theories. Then, we show that these higher BFYM theories can give the formulations of the corresponding higher form…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-11-21 Danhua Song , Kai Lou , Ke Wu , Jie Yang

By worldsheet approach, $n$-point one-loop integrand can be expressed as a combination of $(n+2)$-point tree-level bi-adjoint scalar (BS) amplitudes under forward limit. The integrands constructed by this approach have two closely related…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-11 Chongsi Xie , Yi-Jian Du

We introduce and study a new class of power-counting non-renormalisable gauge theories in four space-time dimensions. The Lagrangian is an arbitrary function of the self-dual part of the field strength. The resulting perturbation theory has…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-09-23 Marco Cofano , Chih-Hao Fu , Kirill Krasnov

In a previous paper we observed that (classical) tree-level gauge theory amplitudes can be rearranged to display a duality between color and kinematics. Once this is imposed, gravity amplitudes are obtained using two copies of gauge-theory…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-20 Zvi Bern , John Joseph M. Carrasco , Henrik Johansson

I study constraints on fundamental physics emerging from consistency of a unitary, local and perturbative $S$-matrix in $4d$. For massless particles, some new constraints arising from consistent complex factorisation of $2\rightarrow 2$…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-07 Timothy Trott

We express the planar five- and six-gluon two-loop Yang-Mills amplitudes with all positive helicities in compact analytic form using D-dimensional local integrands that are free of spurious singularities. The integrand is fixed from…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-09-21 Simon Badger , Gustav Mogull , Tiziano Peraro

We demonstrate that the tree level amplitudes and the explicit formulas of soft factors can be uniquely determined by soft theorems and the universality of soft factors. By imposing the soft theorems and the universality, as well as the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-05 Kang Zhou

Splitting amplitudes are universal functions governing the collinear behavior of scattering amplitudes for massless particles. We compute the two-loop g -> gg splitting amplitudes in QCD, N=1, and N=4 super-Yang-Mills theories, which…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-03-25 Zvi Bern , Lance J. Dixon , David A. Kosower

The collinear factorization properties of two-loop scattering amplitudes in dimensionally-regulated N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory suggest that, in the planar ('t Hooft) limit, higher-loop contributions can be expressed entirely in terms of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-11-15 C. Anastasiou , Z. Bern , L. Dixon , D. A. Kosower

In this paper, we study a novel behavior developed by certain tree-level scalar scattering amplitudes, including the biadjoint, NLSM, and special Galileon, when a subset of kinematic invariants vanishes without producing a singularity. This…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-09-14 Freddy Cachazo , Nick Early , Bruno Umbert

We calculate the partition function of the $SU(N)$ ( and $U(N)$) generalized $YM_2$ theory defined on an arbitrary Riemann surface. The result which is expressed as a sum over irreducible representations generalizes the Rusakov formula for…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 O. Ganor , J. Sonnenschein , S. Yankielowicz

We first extend Generalized Differential Calculus (GDC) to higher structures and create generalized G-invariant bilinear forms. In addition, we also focus on developing generalized 2- and 3-connection theories in the framework of GDC. Then,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-12-30 Danhua Song , Kai Lou , Ke Wu , Jie Yang

A few years ago H. Morales and the author introduced a type of generalized derivative that contained both vector and scalar boson fields. Here it is shown how to construct a full-fledged generalized Yang-Mills theory through the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Chaves

Tree-level color-ordered Yang-Mills (YM) amplitudes can be decomposed in terms of $(n-2)!$ bi-scalar (BS) amplitudes, whose expansion coefficients form a basis of Bern-Carrasco-Johansson (BCJ) numerators. By the help of the recursive…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-02-16 Konglong Wu , Yi-Jian Du

We generalize the gradient flow equation for field theories with nonlinearly realized symmetry. Applying the formalism to super Yang-Mills theory, we construct a supersymmetric extension of the gradient flow equation. It can be shown that…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-22 Kengo Kikuchi , Tetsuya Onogi

Using the path integral method, we calculate the partition function and generating functional (of the field strengths) on the nonlocal generalized 2D Yang - Mills theories ($nlgYM_2$'s), which is nonlocal in auxiliary field [14]. Our…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-01-07 Kh. Saaidi , H. M. Sadjadi

We quantize pure 2d Yang-Mills theory on an arbitrary Riemann surface in the gauge where the field strength is diagonal. Twisted sectors originate, as in Matrix string theory, from permutations of the eigenvalues around homotopically…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 M. Billo' , A D'Adda , P. Provero

Amplitudes of hard {\it exclusive} processes such as \gamma^*(Q^2) N \to \gamma Y, where Y=N (DVCS) or any other state with a limited mass (M_Y^2 << Q^2), factorize into a hard subprocess amplitude and a target (transition) GPD. The…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-02 Paul Hoyer

In this thesis, we study the all same helicity loop amplitudes in self-dual Yang-Mills and self-dual gravity. These amplitudes have long been conjectured to be interpreted as an anomaly and are recently linked to the UV divergence of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-10-24 Pratik Chattopadhyay