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In this paper, we analyze and empirically show that the learned relevance for conventional information retrieval (IR) scenarios may be inconsistent in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) scenarios. To bridge this gap, we introduce OpenRAG,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Jiawei Zhou , Lei Chen

Evaluating retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems traditionally relies on hand annotations for input queries, passages to retrieve, and responses to generate. We introduce ARES, an Automated RAG Evaluation System, for evaluating RAG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Jon Saad-Falcon , Omar Khattab , Christopher Potts , Matei Zaharia

Robust content moderation requires classification systems that can quickly adapt to evolving policies without costly retraining. We present classification using Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), which shifts traditional classification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Richard Willats , Josh Pennington , Aravind Mohan , Bertie Vidgen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems face significant performance gaps when applied to technical domains requiring precise information extraction from complex documents. Current evaluation methodologies relying on document-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Aryan Jadon , Avinash Patil , Shashank Kumar

A Comparison of Independent and Joint Fine-tuning Strategies for Retrieval-Augmented Generation Download PDF Neal Gregory Lawton, Alfy Samuel, Anoop Kumar, Daben Liu Published: 20 Aug 2025, Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) is a popular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Neal Gregory Lawton , Alfy Samuel , Anoop Kumar , Daben Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful approach for enhancing large language models' question-answering capabilities through the integration of external knowledge. However, when adapting RAG systems to specialized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Xin Sun , Zhongqi Chen , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Bowen Song , Weiqiang Wang , Zilei Wang , Liang Wang

Providing external knowledge to Large Language Models (LLMs) is a key point for using these models in real-world applications for several reasons, such as incorporating up-to-date content in a real-time manner, providing access to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Simon Akesson , Frances A. Santos

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves large language model reliability by grounding generated responses in external evidence. However, RAG performance depends on the relevance of retrieved passages, the quality of evidence ranking,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Fariba Afrin Irany , Sampson Akwafuo

This paper focuses on the dynamic optimization of the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architecture. It proposes a state-aware dynamic knowledge retrieval mechanism to enhance semantic understanding and knowledge scheduling efficiency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Jacky He , Guiran Liu , Binrong Zhu , Hanlu Zhang , Hongye Zheng , Xiaokai Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) encounters efficiency challenges when scaling to massive knowledge bases while preserving contextual relevance. We propose Hash-RAG, a framework that integrates deep hashing techniques with systematic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Jinyu Guo , Xunlei Chen , Qiyang Xia , Zhaokun Wang , Jie Ou , Libo Qin , Shunyu Yao , Wenhong Tian

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become critical for knowledge-intensive applications, yet evaluating its performance in vertical domains remains difficult due to domain complexity, diverse context scales, and heavy reliance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Jingbin Qian , Congwen Yi , Min Xia , Wen Wu , Jun Zhu , Jian Guan

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances language model performance by incorporating external knowledge retrieved from large corpora, which makes it highly suitable for tasks such as open domain question answering. Standard RAG systems…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Malika Iratni , Mohand Boughanem , Taoufiq Dkaki

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses large language model (LLM) hallucinations by grounding responses in external knowledge, but its effectiveness is compromised by poor-quality retrieved contexts containing irrelevant or noisy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jiale Deng , Yanyan Shen , Ziyuan Pei , Youmin Chen , Linpeng Huang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) leverages large language models (LLMs) combined with external contexts to enhance the accuracy and reliability of generated responses. However, reliably attributing generated content to specific context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Ruizhe Li , Chen Chen , Yuchen Hu , Yanjun Gao , Xi Wang , Emine Yilmaz

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems often face limitations in specialized domains such as fintech, where domain-specific ontologies, dense terminology, and acronyms complicate effective retrieval and synthesis. This paper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Thomas Cook , Richard Osuagwu , Liman Tsatiashvili , Vrynsia Vrynsia , Koustav Ghosal , Maraim Masoud , Riccardo Mattivi

We present a comprehensive framework for enhancing Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems through dynamic retrieval strategies and reinforcement fine-tuning. This approach significantly improves large language models on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Sakhinana Sagar Srinivas , Akash Das , Shivam Gupta , Venkataramana Runkana

Reliable retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems depend fundamentally on the retriever's ability to find relevant information. We show that neural retrievers used in RAG systems have blind spots, which we define as the failure to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Zeinab Sadat Taghavi , Ali Modarressi , Hinrich Schutze , Andreas Marfurt

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is an advanced technique designed to address the challenges of Artificial Intelligence-Generated Content (AIGC). By integrating context retrieval into content generation, RAG provides reliable and…

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems are increasingly deployed in sensitive domains such as healthcare and law, where they rely on private, domain-specific knowledge. This capability introduces significant security risks, including…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Pranav Pallerla , Wilson Naik Bhukya , Bharath Vemula , Charan Ramtej Kodi

The existing Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems face significant challenges in terms of cost and effectiveness. On one hand, they need to encode the lengthy retrieved contexts before responding to the input tasks, which imposes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Zheng Liu , Chenyuan Wu , Ninglu Shao , Shitao Xiao , Chaozhuo Li , Defu Lian