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Related papers: Testing Monotonicity in a Finite Population

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A common assumption in causal inference is that random treatment assignment ensures that potential outcomes are independent of treatment, or in one word, unconfoundedness. This paper highlights that randomization and unconfoundedness are…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-30 Fredrik Sävje

When it comes to structural estimation of risk preferences from data on choices, random utility models have long been one of the standard research tools in economics. A recent literature has challenged these models, pointing out some…

General Economics · Economics 2024-09-04 Henk Keffert , Nikolaus Schweizer

In our previous work we have shown how Bayesian networks can be used for adaptive testing of student skills. Later, we have taken the advantage of monotonicity restrictions in order to learn models fitting data better. This article provides…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-16 Martin Plajner , Jiří Vomlel

What proportion of treated units actually benefited from an experimental intervention? What is the median or the largest individual treatment effect? This paper develops methods for answering such questions about the distribution of…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-11 David Kim , Yongchang Su , Jake Bowers , Xinran Li

Today, machine learning (ML) models are increasingly applied in decision making. This induces an urgent need for quality assurance of ML models with respect to (often domain-dependent) requirements. Monotonicity is one such requirement. It…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-28 Arnab Sharma , Heike Wehrheim

High complexity models are notorious in machine learning for overfitting, a phenomenon in which models well represent data but fail to generalize an underlying data generating process. A typical procedure for circumventing overfitting…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-11 James Schmidt

In this paper we study several monotonicity axioms in approval-based multi-winner voting rules. We consider monotonicity with respect to the support received by the winners and also monotonicity in the size of the committee. Monotonicity…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-25 Luis Sánchez-Fernández , Jesús A. Fisteus

We present novel monotone comparative statics results for steady-state behavior in a dynamic optimization environment with misspecified Bayesian learning. Building on \cite{ep21a}, we analyze a Bayesian learner whose prior is over…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-03-17 Aniruddha Ghosh

Experiments often yield non-identically distributed data for statistical analysis. Tests of hypothesis under such set-ups are generally performed using the likelihood ratio test, which is non-robust with respect to outliers and model…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-07-25 Abhik Ghosh , Ayanendranath Basu

Learning with limited labelled data, such as prompting, in-context learning, fine-tuning, meta-learning or few-shot learning, aims to effectively train a model using only a small amount of labelled samples. However, these approaches have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Branislav Pecher , Ivan Srba , Maria Bielikova

In this paper, we develop a method to assess the sensitivity of local average treatment effect estimates to potential violations of the monotonicity assumption of Imbens and Angrist (1994). We parameterize the degree to which monotonicity…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-06-14 Claudia Noack

In a typical model of private information and choice under uncertainty, a decision maker observes a signal, updates her prior beliefs using Bayes rule, and maximizes her expected utility. If the decision maker's utility function satisfies…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-12-04 Tanay Raj Bhatt

We introduce and explore an empirical index of increase that works in both deterministic and random environments, thus allowing to assess monotonicity of functions that are prone to random measurement-errors. We prove consistency of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-02-07 Lingzhi Chen , Youri Davydov , Nadezhda Gribkova , Ričardas Zitikis

This paper develops a finite population framework for analyzing causal effects in settings with imperfect compliance where multiple treatments affect the outcome of interest. Two prominent examples are factorial designs and panel…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-26 Pedro Picchetti

We develop randomization-based tests for heterogeneous treatment effects in the presence of network interference. Leveraging the exposure mapping framework, we study a broad class of null hypotheses that represent various forms of constant…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-06-25 Julius Owusu

Randomized experiments are the gold standard for evaluating the effects of changes to real-world systems. Data in these tests may be difficult to collect and outcomes may have high variance, resulting in potentially large measurement error.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-27 Benjamin Letham , Brian Karrer , Guilherme Ottoni , Eytan Bakshy

Currently, knowledge discovery in databases is an essential step to identify valid, novel and useful patterns for decision making. There are many real-world scenarios, such as bankruptcy prediction, option pricing or medical diagnosis,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-20 José-Ramón Cano , Pedro Antonio Gutiérrez , Bartosz Krawczyk , Michał Woźniak , Salvador García

Despite their importance in supporting experimental conclusions, standard statistical tests are often inadequate for research areas, like the life sciences, where the typical sample size is small and the test assumptions difficult to…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-04-15 Pietro Berkes , Jozsef Fiser

Stationarity is a very general, qualitative assumption, that can be assessed on the basis of application specifics. It is thus a rather attractive assumption to base statistical analysis on, especially for problems for which less general…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-04-02 Daniil Ryabko

Longitudinal data tracking repeated measurements on individuals are highly valued for research because they offer controls for unmeasured individual heterogeneity that might otherwise bias results. Random effects or mixed models approaches,…

Applications · Statistics 2009-09-29 J. R. Lockwood , Daniel F. McCaffrey